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The observation of magnetism in atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets (FePS$_3$, NiPS$_3$, and MnPS$_3$) in 2016 marked an important moment in the development of two-dimensional (2D) physics. In this personal reflection, I…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Je-Geun Park

Van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are comprised of layers of atomically thin sheets, making them ideal platforms for studying magnetism at the two-dimensional (2D) limit. These materials are at the center of a host of novel types of…

Two dimensional layered van der Waals (vdW) magnets have demonstrated their potential to study both fundamental and applied physics due to their remarkable electronic properties. However, the connection of vdW magnets to spintronics as well…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 H. Y. Yuan , Akashdeep Kamra , Dion M. F. Hartmann , Rembert A. Duine

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) materials have gathered a lot of attention recently. However, the majority of these materials have Curie temperatures that are well below room temperature, making it challenging to incorporate them…

Mermin-Wagner theorem forbid spontaneous symmetry breaking of spins in one/two-dimensional systems at finite temperature and rules out the stabilization of this ordered state. However, it does not apply to all types of phase transitions in…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-12-05 N. Khan , D. Kumar , V. Kumar , Y. Shemerliuk , S. Selter , B. Büchner , K. Pal , S. Aswartham , Pradeep Kumar

Identifying intrinsic low-dimensional ferromagnets with high transition temperature and electrically tunable magnetism is crucial for the development of miniaturized spintronics and magnetoelectrics. Recently long-range 2D ferromagnetism…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-27 Hua Wang , Jingshan Qi , Xiaofeng Qian

Two dimensional (2D) magnets have emerged as a compelling platform for spin based nanoelectronics, enabling atomic scale control of magnetic order, interfaces, quantum geometry, and symmetry. Here, we highlight recent advances in 2D…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Bing Zhao , Roselle Ngaloy , Lalit Pandey , Himanshu Bangar , Divya P. Dubey , Saroj P. Dash

Ferromagnetism (FM) is the cornerstone of permanent magnets, data storage and other technologies that directly impact our everyday life by their implementation in standard applications and devices. When downscaling bulk materials into their…

Recent experimental and theoretical work has focused on two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) magnets due to their potential applications in sensing and spintronics devises. In measurements of these emerging materials, conventional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Qi Li , Weili Zhen , Ning Wang , Meng Shi , Yang Yu , Senyang Pan , Lin Deng , Jiaqiang Cai , Kang Wang , Lvkuan Zou , Zhongming Zeng , Jinglei Zhang

The discoveries of magnetism and ferroelectricity in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials have brought important functionalities to the 2D materials family, and may trigger a revolution in next generation nanoelectronics and spintronics. In…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-17 Chuanshou Wang , Lu You , David Cobden , Junling Wang

Controlling magnetism in low dimensional materials is essential for designing devices that have feature sizes comparable to several critical length scales that exploit functional spin textures, allowing the realization of low-power…

The recent observation of ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) materials has initiated a booming interest in the subject of 2D magnetism. In contrast to bulk materials, 2D materials can only exhibit magnetic order in the presence of…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-18 Daniele Torelli , Kristian S. Thygesen , Thomas Olsen

The intrinsic magnetism observed in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials provides a unique opportunity for exploring the 2D topological magnetic textures, in particular skyrmionic magnetic textures (SMTs) including skyrmion…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Xiaoyan Yao , Di Hu , Shuai Dong

The search for two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) multiferroics is an exciting yet challenging endeavor. Room-temperature 2D vdW few-layer multiferroic is a much bigger insurmountable obstacle. Here we report the discovery of an…

Recent discovery of emergent magnetism in van der Waals magnetic materials (vdWMM) has broadened the material space for developing spintronic devices for energy-efficient computation. While there has been appreciable progress in vdWMM…

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets are crucial for ultra-compact spintronics. However, so far, no vdW crystal has exhibited tunable above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in the 2D ultrathin regime. Here, we report…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-06 Gaojie Zhang , Jie Yu , Hao Wu , Li Yang , Wen Jin , Bichen Xiao , Wenfeng Zhang , Haixin Chang

We review recent progress on spins and magnetism in 2D materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and 2D magnets. We also discuss challenges and prospects for the future of spintronics with 2D van der Waals…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 Roland K. Kawakami

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have been widely applied in spintronic devices for efficient spin detection through the imbalance of spin polarization at the Fermi level. The van der Waals (vdW) nature of two-dimensional (2D) magnets with…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-01-31 Wen Jin , Xinlu Li , Gaojie Zhang , Hao Wu , Xiaokun Wen , Li Yang , Jie Yu , Bichen Xiao , Wenfeng Zhang , Jia Zhang , Haixin Chang

Magnetic insulators are a key resource for next-generation spintronic and topological devices. The family of layered metal halides promises ultrathin insulating multiferroics, spin liquids, and ferromagnets, but new characterization methods…

Spin-related electronics using two dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials as a platform are believed to hold great promise for revolutionizing the next generation spintronics. Although many emerging new phenomena have been…