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Related papers: LLMs Are Prone to Fallacies in Causal Inference

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Causality is vital for understanding true cause-and-effect relationships between variables within predictive models, rather than relying on mere correlations, making it highly relevant in the field of Explainable AI. In an automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Arturo Fredes , Jordi Vitria

This paper examines the capacity of LLMs to reason with knowledge graphs using their internal knowledge graph, i.e., the knowledge graph they learned during pre-training. Two research questions are formulated to investigate the accuracy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Pei-Chi Lo , Yi-Hang Tsai , Ee-Peng Lim , San-Yih Hwang

Understanding predictions made by deep neural networks is notoriously difficult, but also crucial to their dissemination. As all machine learning based methods, they are as good as their training data, and can also capture unwanted biases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Amir Feder , Nadav Oved , Uri Shalit , Roi Reichart

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in tasks requiring interpretive and inferential accuracy. In this paper, we introduce ExpliCa, a new dataset for evaluating LLMs in explicit causal reasoning. ExpliCa uniquely integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Martina Miliani , Serena Auriemma , Alessandro Bondielli , Emmanuele Chersoni , Lucia Passaro , Irene Sucameli , Alessandro Lenci

Causality understanding between events is a critical natural language processing task that is helpful in many areas, including health care, business risk management and finance. On close examination, one can find a huge amount of textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Vivek Khetan , Roshni Ramnani , Mayuresh Anand , Shubhashis Sengupta , Andrew E. Fano

To understand narrative, humans draw inferences about the underlying relations between narrative events. Cognitive theories of narrative understanding define these inferences as four different types of causality, that include pairs of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Zhichao Hu , Marilyn A. Walker

Some interpersonal verbs can implicitly attribute causality to either their subject or their object and are therefore said to carry an implicit causality (IC) bias. Through this bias, causal links can be inferred from a narrative, aiding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mark Anderson , Anders Søgaard

With the rise of Large Language Models(LLMs), it has become crucial to understand their capabilities and limitations in deciphering and explaining the complex web of causal relationships that language entails. Current methods use either…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

Traditional causal discovery methods often depend on strong, untestable assumptions, making them unreliable in real-world applications. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative for extracting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Federico Baldo , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Inferring causal relationships between variable pairs is crucial for understanding multivariate interactions in complex systems. Knowledge-based causal discovery -- which involves inferring causal relationships by reasoning over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuni Susanti , Michael Färber

Genes, proteins and other biological entities influence one another via causal molecular networks. Causal relationships in such networks are mediated by complex and diverse mechanisms, through latent variables, and are often specific to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Izzy Newsham , Luka Kovačević , Richard Moulange , Nan Rosemary Ke , Sach Mukherjee

Understanding how individuals interpret charts is a crucial concern for visual data communication. This imperative has motivated a number of studies, including past work demonstrating that causal priors -- a priori beliefs about causal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Arran Zeyu Wang , David Borland , Estella Calcaterra , David Gotz

As an essential component of human cognition, cause-effect relations appear frequently in text, and curating cause-effect relations from text helps in building causal networks for predictive tasks. Existing causality extraction techniques…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jie Yang , Soyeon Caren Han , Josiah Poon

This study explores the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to evaluate causality in causal graphs generated by conventional statistical causal discovery methods-a task traditionally reliant on manual assessment by human subject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yuni Susanti , Nina Holsmoelle

Relational concepts are indeed foundational to the structure of knowledge representation, as they facilitate the association between various entity concepts, allowing us to express and comprehend complex world knowledge. By expressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zijian Wang , Britney White , Chang Xu

We assess the ability of large language models (LLMs) to answer causal questions by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses against three types of causal question. We believe that current LLMs can answer causal questions with existing…

Recovering the structure of causal graphical models from observational data is an essential yet challenging task for causal discovery in scientific scenarios. Domain-specific causal discovery usually relies on expert validation or prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Qinrui Zhu , Qiang Tu , Huanhuan Chen

Human commonsense understanding of the physical and social world is organized around intuitive theories. These theories support making causal and moral judgments. When something bad happens, we naturally ask: who did what, and why? A rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Allen Nie , Yuhui Zhang , Atharva Amdekar , Chris Piech , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Tobias Gerstenberg

While moral reasoning has emerged as a promising research direction for large language models (LLMs), achieving robust generalization remains a critical challenge. This challenge arises from the gap between what is said and what is morally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guangliang Liu , Xi Chen , Bocheng Chen , Xitong Zhang , Kristen Johnson