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As artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into decision-making processes, the ability to trust their outputs is crucial. To earn human trust, LLMs must be well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Mark Steyvers , Heliodoro Tejeda , Aakriti Kumar , Catarina Belem , Sheer Karny , Xinyue Hu , Lukas Mayer , Padhraic Smyth

Prompt engineering has emerged as a useful way studying the algorithmic tendencies and biases of large language models. Meanwhile creatives and academics have leveraged LLMs to develop creative works and explore the boundaries of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 P. D. Edgar , Alia Hall

Abstention Ability (AA) is a critical aspect of Large Language Model (LLM) reliability, referring to an LLM's capability to withhold responses when uncertain or lacking a definitive answer, without compromising performance. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nishanth Madhusudhan , Sathwik Tejaswi Madhusudhan , Vikas Yadav , Masoud Hashemi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

Recent work shows that large language models (LLMs) can answer multiple-choice questions using only the choices, but does this mean that MCQA leaderboard rankings of LLMs are largely influenced by abilities in choices-only settings? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Nishant Balepur , Rachel Rudinger

This paper introduces a novel Bayesian learning model to explain the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on their core optimization metric of next token prediction. We develop a theoretical framework based on an ideal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Siddhartha Dalal , Vishal Misra

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) highlight the need to align their behaviors with human values. A critical, yet understudied, issue is the potential divergence between an LLM's stated preferences (its reported alignment with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhuojun Gu , Quan Wang , Shuchu Han

This is the first work to look at the application of large language models (LLMs) for the purpose of model space edits in automated planning tasks. To set the stage for this union, we explore two different flavors of model space problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Turgay Caglar , Sirine Belhaj , Tathagata Chakraborti , Michael Katz , Sarath Sreedharan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performances in complex text generation tasks. However, the contribution of the input prompt to the generated content still remains obscure to humans, underscoring the necessity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yurui Chang , Bochuan Cao , Yujia Wang , Jinghui Chen , Lu Lin

Recently, contrastive learning has been shown to be effective in improving pre-trained language models (PLM) to derive high-quality sentence representations. It aims to pull close positive examples to enhance the alignment while push apart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text generation through inherently probabilistic context-aware mechanisms, mimicking human natural language. In this paper, we systematically investigate the performance of various LLMs when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as automated judges to evaluate text, but their effectiveness can be hindered by various unintentional biases. We propose using linear classifying probes, trained by leveraging differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sharan Maiya , Yinhong Liu , Ramit Debnath , Anna Korhonen

Large Language Model (LLM) alignment conventionally relies on supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning based alignment frameworks. These methods typically require labeled or preference datasets and involve updating model weights to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Reem I. Masoud , Martin Ferianc , Philip Treleaven , Miguel Rodrigues

When using large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks, such as open-domain question answering, external context can bridge the gap between external knowledge and the LLMs' parametric knowledge. Recent research has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Youna Kim , Hyuhng Joon Kim , Cheonbok Park , Choonghyun Park , Hyunsoo Cho , Junyeob Kim , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-goo Lee , Taeuk Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Walter Laurito , Benjamin Davis , Peli Grietzer , Tomáš Gavenčiak , Ada Böhm , Jan Kulveit

Despite outstanding contribution to the significant progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deep learning models remain mostly black boxes, which are extremely weak in explainability of the reasoning process and prediction results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sheng Shi , Xinfeng Zhang , Wei Fan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. While emerging benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs in various domains such as mathematics and computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Junnan Dong , Zijin Hong , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang

A lively ongoing debate is taking place, since the extraordinary emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with regards to their capability to understand the world and capture the meaning of the dialogues in which they are involved.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Daniel N. Nissani

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the educational landscape. As current plagiarism detection tools struggle to keep pace with LLMs' rapid advancements, the educational community faces the challenge of assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Roy Xie , Chengxuan Huang , Junlin Wang , Bhuwan Dhingra
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