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Despite more than 50 years of human space exploration, no paper in the field of economics has been published regarding the theory of a space-based economy. The aim of this paper is to develop quantitative techniques to estimate conditions…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-07-13 Thomas Tarler

The national space programs have an historic opportunity to help solve the global-scale economic and environmental problems of Earth while becoming more effective at science through the use of space resources. Space programs will be more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-24 Philip Metzger

Classical monetary systems regularly subject the most vulnerable majority of the world's population to debilitating financial shocks, and have manifestly allowed uncontrolled global inequality over the long term. Given these basic failures,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Bryan Ford

There is growing interest in the possibility that the resource base of the Solar System might in future be used to supplement the economic resources of our own planet. As the Earth's closest celestial neighbour, the Moon is sure to feature…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-28 Ian A. Crawford

We suggest the re-introduction of bartering to create a cryptocurrencyless, currencyless, and moneyless economy segment. We contend that a barter economy would benefit enterprises, individuals, governments and societies. For instance, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Carlos Molina-Jimenez , Hazem Danny Al Nakib , Linmao Song , Ioannis Sfyrakis , Jon Crowcroft

Motility is a ubiquitous feature of microbial life on Earth, and is widely regarded as a promising biosignature candidate. In the search for motile organisms, it is therefore valuable to have rough estimates for the number of such microbes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-24 Manasvi Lingam , Abraham Loeb

Exploration is one of the attentive endeavor to mankind and a strategy for evolution. We have been incessantly reconnoitering our planet and universe from Mesopotamian era to modern era. The progression of rocketry and planetary science in…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Malaya Kumar Biswal M , Vishnu S , Devika S Kumar , Sairam M

If humanity is ever to consider substantial, long-term colonization of Mars, the resources needed are going to be extensive. For a long-term human presence on Mars to be established, serious thought would need to be given to terraforming…

The task of designing a city-state of one million residents on the planet Mars seemingly approaches the limit of perceived human ingenuity. A city-state on Mars of this capacity requires us to conform to and master the simplest aspects of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Vincenzo Donofrio , Meghan Kirk

Kick-starting the space economy requires identification of critical resources that can lower the cost of space transport, sustain logistic bases and communication relay networks between major nodes in the network. One important challenge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Jekan Thangavelautham

To-date, all human economic activity has depended on the resources of a single planet, and it has long been recognized that developments in space exploration could in principle open our closed planetary economy to external resources of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-03 Ian A. Crawford , Martin Elvis , James Carpenter

Human space exploration and settlement of other planets is becoming increasingly technologically feasible, while mission concepts for remote and crewed missions to nearby star systems continue to be developed. But the long-term success of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Jacob Haqq-Misra

Asteroid mining can become an enabling technology to establish a sustainable manned colony on Mars, which requires metallic materials more often than they are readily available in shipments from Earth. This paper describes a feasibility…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-22 Serena Suriano , Shamil Biktimirov , Dmitry Pritykin , Anton Ivanov

This roadmap outlines research pathways to determine whether Mars could be warmed with non-biological methods. It does not presuppose that warming Mars is desirable; its purpose is to identify what would need to be true for Mars to be…

The trend of space commercialization is changing the decision-making process for future space exploration architectures, and there is a growing need for a new decision-making framework that explicitly considers the interactions between the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Hao Chen , Melkior Ornik , Koki Ho

Orbit-use management efforts can be structured as binding national regulatory policies or as self-enforcing international treaties. New treaties to control space debris growth appear unlikely in the near future. Spacefaring nations can…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-09-13 Aditya Jain , Akhil Rao

Human landing, exploration and settlement on Mars will require local compute resources at the Mars edge. Landing such resources on Mars is an expensive endeavor. Instead, in this paper we lay out how concepts from low-Earth orbit edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

In the distant future, humans will surely fly to Mars. Even today, probes and vehicles are carrying out measurements on the surface of Mars. However, most landings on Mars cannot be carried out with parachutes alone. Instead, landing…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-12-12 Markus Nielbock

We explore the feasibility of deploying Bitcoin as the shared monetary standard between Earth and Mars, accounting for physical constraints of interplanetary communication. We introduce a novel primitive, Proof-of-Transit Timestamping…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jose E. Puente , Carlos Puente

The space challenges do exist at every stride on a human expedition to Mars that arise due to galactic natural phenomena and artificial technologies. This paper emphasizes on Mars orbital and planetary challenges encountered from orbit to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-09 Malaya Kumar Biswal M , Noor Basanta Das , Ramesh Naidu Annavarapu