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Related papers: LieRE: Lie Rotational Positional Encodings

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We study the extent to which rotary position encodings (RoPE), a recent transformer position encoding algorithm broadly adopted in large language models (LLMs) and vision transformers (ViTs), can be applied to graph-structured data. We find…

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is the de facto positional encoding in large language models due to its ability to encode relative positions and support length extrapolation. When adapted to vision transformers, the standard axial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyu Liu , Sucheng Ren , Tingyu Zhu , Peng Wang , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Wang

Relative position encoding (RPE) is important for transformer to capture sequence ordering of input tokens. General efficacy has been proven in natural language processing. However, in computer vision, its efficacy is not well studied and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Kan Wu , Houwen Peng , Minghao Chen , Jianlong Fu , Hongyang Chao

Positional Encodings (PEs) are a critical component of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), providing the attention mechanism with important sequence-position information. One of the most popular types of encoding used today in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Federico Barbero , Alex Vitvitskyi , Christos Perivolaropoulos , Razvan Pascanu , Petar Veličković

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

Relative position embedding has become a standard mechanism for encoding positional information in Transformers. However, existing formulations are typically limited to a fixed geometric space, namely 1D sequences or regular 2D/3D grids,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Xie , Depu Meng , Chensheng Peng , Yihan Hu , Quentin Herau , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Position encoding recently has shown effective in the transformer architecture. It enables valuable supervision for dependency modeling between elements at different positions of the sequence. In this paper, we first investigate various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jianlin Su , Yu Lu , Shengfeng Pan , Ahmed Murtadha , Bo Wen , Yunfeng Liu

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of position encoding in transformer architectures. By incorporating positional information, this approach provides essential guidance for modeling dependencies between elements across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Avinash Amballa

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized various regions since it was proposed, and its effectiveness largely depends on the ability to encode positional information. Traditional position encoding methods exhibit significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Hao Yu , Tangyu Jiang , Shuning Jia , Shannan Yan , Shunning Liu , Haolong Qian , Guanghao Li , Shuting Dong , Huaisong Zhang , Chun Yuan

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on positional encodings to provide sequence position information to their attention mechanism. Rotary Positional Encodings (RoPE), which encode relative position by rotating queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 André Jonasson

Positional encoding is a vital component of Transformer architectures, enabling models to incorporate sequence order into self-attention mechanisms. Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have become a widely adopted solution due to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ali Veisi , Delaram Fartoot , Hamidreza Amirzadeh

Transformers rely on positional encoding to compensate for the inherent permutation invariance of self-attention. Traditional approaches use absolute sinusoidal embeddings or learned positional vectors, while more recent methods emphasize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chase van de Geijn , Ayush Paliwal , Timo Lüddecke , Alexander S. Ecker

Multimodal position encoding is essential for vision-language models, yet there has been little systematic investigation into multimodal position encoding. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of multimodal Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jie Huang , Xuejing Liu , Sibo Song , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Junyang Lin , Shuai Bai

We propose a novel positional encoding for learning graph on Transformer architecture. Existing approaches either linearize a graph to encode absolute position in the sequence of nodes, or encode relative position with another node using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Wonpyo Park , Woonggi Chang , Donggeon Lee , Juntae Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Positional encoding mechanisms enable Transformers to model sequential structure and long-range dependencies in text. While absolute positional encodings struggle with extrapolation to longer sequences due to fixed positional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chang Dai , Hongyu Shan , Mingyang Song , Di Liang

Transformer-based end-to-end speech recognition models have received considerable attention in recent years due to their high training speed and ability to model a long-range global context. Position embedding in the transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Shengqiang Li , Menglong Xu , Xiao-Lei Zhang

Position information is essential for language modeling. In softmax transformers, Rotary Position Embeddings (\textit{RoPE}) encode positions through \textit{fixed-angle} rotations, while in linear transformers, order is handled via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Sajad Movahedi , Timur Carstensen , Arshia Afzal , Frank Hutter , Antonio Orvieto , Volkan Cevher

Relative positional encoding is widely used in vanilla and linear transformers to represent positional information. However, existing encoding methods of a vanilla transformer are not always directly applicable to a linear transformer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Zhen Qin , Weixuan Sun , Kaiyue Lu , Hui Deng , Dongxu Li , Xiaodong Han , Yuchao Dai , Lingpeng Kong , Yiran Zhong

In transformer architectures, position encoding primarily provides a sense of sequence for input tokens. While the original transformer paper's method has shown satisfactory results in general language processing tasks, there have been new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Eren Unlu

Recent advances in Transformer models allow for unprecedented sequence lengths, due to linear space and time complexity. In the meantime, relative positional encoding (RPE) was proposed as beneficial for classical Transformers and consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Antoine Liutkus , Ondřej Cífka , Shih-Lun Wu , Umut Şimşekli , Yi-Hsuan Yang , Gaël Richard
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