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Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Video-based multimodal large language models (V-MLLMs) have shown vulnerability to adversarial examples in video-text multimodal tasks. However, the transferability of adversarial videos to unseen models - a common and practical real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Linhao Huang , Xue Jiang , Zhiqiang Wang , Wentao Mo , Xi Xiao , Yong-Jie Yin , Bo Han , Feng Zheng

In targeted adversarial attacks on vision models, the selection of the target label is a critical yet often overlooked determinant of attack success. This target label corresponds to the class that the attacker aims to force the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Katarzyna Filus , Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte

Watermarking has emerged as a pivotal solution for content traceability and intellectual property protection in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, vision-agnostic watermarks introduce visually irrelevant tokens and disrupt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Qi Zheng , Shuliang Liu , Yu Huang , Sihang Jia , Jungang Li , Lyuhao Chen , Junhao Chen , Hanqian Li , Aiwei Liu , Yibo Yan , Xuming Hu

The safety and reliability of vision-language models (VLMs) are a crucial part of deploying trustworthy agentic AI systems. However, VLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that undermine their safety alignment to yield harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ye Wang , Jing Liu , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across multimodal tasks, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms to elicit restricted content generation. Existing black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lei Jiang , Zixun Zhang , Zizhou Wang , Xiaobing Sun , Zhen Li , Liangli Zhen , Xiaohua Xu

Due to their multimodal capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have found numerous impactful applications in real-world scenarios. However, recent studies have revealed that VLMs are vulnerable to image-based adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiaming Zhang , Junhong Ye , Xingjun Ma , Yige Li , Yunfan Yang , Yunhao Chen , Jitao Sang , Dit-Yan Yeung

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of visual understanding tasks. However, the robustness of these models against jailbreak attacks remains an open challenge. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiangyu Yin , Jiaxu Liu , Zhen Chen , Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

Vision language models (VLMs) excel in multimodal understanding but are prone to adversarial attacks. Existing defenses often demand costly retraining or significant architecture changes. We introduce a lightweight defense using tensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Het Patel , Muzammil Allie , Qian Zhang , Jia Chen , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in developing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) capable of processing both textual and visual inputs. These models have demonstrated impressive performance, leading to their widespread adoption in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Hanene F. Z. Brachemi Meftah , Wassim Hamidouche , Sid Ahmed Fezza , Olivier Déforges

Vision-language models (VLMs) (e.g. CLIP, LLaVA) are trained on large-scale, lightly curated web datasets, leading them to learn unintended correlations between semantic concepts and unrelated visual signals. These associations degrade…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Maan Qraitem , Piotr Teterwak , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

Defending large language models (LLMs) against jailbreak attacks is crucial for ensuring their safe deployment. Existing defense strategies typically rely on predefined static criteria to differentiate between harmful and benign prompts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Rui Pu , Chaozhuo Li , Rui Ha , Litian Zhang , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have become essential backbones for multimodal intelligence, yet significant safety challenges limit their real-world application. While textual inputs are often effectively safeguarded, adversarial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yi Ding , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

This paper investigates the robustness of vision-language models against adversarial visual perturbations and introduces a novel ``double visual defense" to enhance this robustness. Unlike previous approaches that resort to lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Zeyu Wang , Cihang Xie , Brian Bartoldson , Bhavya Kailkhura

Textual data is often represented as real-numbered embeddings in NLP, particularly with the popularity of large language models (LLMs) and Embeddings as a Service (EaaS). However, storing sensitive information as embeddings can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yiyi Chen , Heather Lent , Johannes Bjerva

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have advanced perception in autonomous driving (AD), but they remain vulnerable to adversarial threats. These risks range from localized physical patches to imperceptible global perturbations. Existing defense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Xiaoxu Peng , Dong Zhou , Jianwen Zhang , Guanghui Sun , Anh Tu Ngo , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Adversarial attacks are known to succeed on classifiers, but it has been an open question whether more complex vision systems are vulnerable. In this paper, we study adversarial examples for vision and language models, which incorporate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Xiaojun Xu , Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Anna Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell , Dawn Song

Modern text-to-image (T2I) models can now render legible, paragraph-length text, enabling a fundamentally new class of misuse. We identify and formalize the inscriptive jailbreak, where an adversary coerces a T2I system into generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zonghao Ying , Haowen Dai , Lianyu Hu , Zonglei Jing , Quanchen Zou , Yaodong Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

3D Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as PointLLM and GPT4Point, have shown strong reasoning and generalization abilities in 3D understanding tasks. However, their adversarial robustness remains largely unexplored. Prior work in 2D VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chao Liu , Ngai-Man Cheung
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