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In high-stake scenarios like medical treatment and auto-piloting, it's risky or even infeasible to collect online experimental data to train the agent. Simulation-based training can alleviate this issue, but may suffer from its inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jialian Li , Tongzheng Ren , Dong Yan , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

A fundamental open problem in monotone game theory is the computation of a specific generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) among all the available ones, e.g. the optimal equilibrium with respect to a system-level objective. The existing GNE…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-16 Emilio Benenati , Wicak Ananduta , Sergio Grammatico

Multiagent systems where agents interact among themselves and with a stochastic environment can be formalized as stochastic games. We study a subclass named Markov potential games (MPGs) that appear often in economic and engineering…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Sergio Valcarcel Macua , Javier Zazo , Santiago Zazo

This paper studies policy optimization algorithms for multi-agent reinforcement learning. We begin by proposing an algorithm framework for two-player zero-sum Markov Games in the full-information setting, where each iteration consists of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Runyu Zhang , Qinghua Liu , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Na Li , Yu Bai

Markov Potential Games (MPGs) form an important sub-class of Markov games, which are a common framework to model multi-agent reinforcement learning problems. In particular, MPGs include as a special case the identical-interest setting where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Pragnya Alatur , Anas Barakat , Niao He

Establishing the existence of exact or near Markov or stationary perfect Nash equilibria in nonzero-sum Markov games over Borel spaces is a challenging problem with limited positive results. Motivated by problems in multi-agent and Bayesian…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Naci Saldi , Gurdal Arslan , Serdar Yuksel

We know that the Nash equilibria of a game cannot be computed efficiently unless $P = PPAD$. But can they be learned? Are there dynamics that (1) can be computed efficiently by the players at each strategy profile and (2) are guaranteed to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Oliver Biggar , Christos Papadimitriou , Georgios Piliouras

Decoding how rational agents should behave in shared systems remains a critical challenge within theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence and economics studies. Central to this challenge is the task of computing the solution…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Dongge Wang , Xiang Yan , Zehao Dou , Wenhan Huang , Yaodong Yang , Xiaotie Deng

We study strong stability of Nash equilibria in load balancing games of m (m >= 2) identical servers, in which every job chooses one of the m servers and each job wishes to minimize its cost, given by the workload of the server it chooses.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Bo Chen , Song-Song Li , Yu-Zhong Zhang

In competitive multi-player interactions, simultaneous optimality is a key requirement for establishing strategic equilibria. This property is explicit when the game-theoretic equilibrium is the simultaneously optimal solution of coupled…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Sarah H. Q. Li , Yue Yu , Florian Dörfler , John Lygeros

The classical, complete-information two-player games assume that the problem data (in particular the payoff matrix) is known exactly by both players. In a now famous result, Nash has shown that any such game has an equilibrium in mixed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-11 Nicolas Loizou

This work studies an independent natural policy gradient (NPG) algorithm for the multi-agent reinforcement learning problem in Markov potential games. It is shown that, under mild technical assumptions and the introduction of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Youbang Sun , Tao Liu , Ruida Zhou , P. R. Kumar , Shahin Shahrampour

The state of the art in solving nonconvex nonsmooth games under uncertainty remains in its infancy. Existing studies primarily rely on stringent growth conditions or local convexity-like properties, making the development of alternative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Zhuoyu Xiao

Usually, to apply game-theoretic methods, we must specify utilities precisely, and we run the risk that the solutions we compute are not robust to errors in this specification. Ordinal games provide an attractive alternative: they require…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Vincent Conitzer

Nash equilibrium is one of the most influential solution concepts in game theory. With the development of computer science and artificial intelligence, there is an increasing demand on Nash equilibrium computation, especially for Internet…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Hanyu Li , Wenhan Huang , Zhijian Duan , David Henry Mguni , Kun Shao , Jun Wang , Xiaotie Deng

Convex Markov Games (cMGs) were recently introduced as a broad class of multi-agent learning problems that generalize Markov games to settings where strategic agents optimize general utilities beyond additive rewards. While cMGs expand the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Anas Barakat , Ioannis Panageas , Antonios Varvitsiotis

We investigate Nash equilibrium learning in a competitive Markov Game (MG) environment, where multiple agents compete, and multiple Nash equilibria can exist. In particular, for an oligopolistic dynamic pricing environment, exact Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Larkin Liu

In this paper, we investigate the impact of introducing relative entropy regularization on the Nash Equilibria (NE) of General-Sum $N$-agent games, revealing the fact that the NE of such games conform to linear Gaussian policies. Moreover,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Shubham Aggarwal , Melih Bastopcu , Tamer Başar

We study stochastic Nash equilibrium problems subject to heterogeneous uncertainty on the expected valued cost functions of the individual agents, where we assume no prior knowledge of the underlying probability distributions of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Georgios Pantazis , Barbara Franci , Sergio Grammatico

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang