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Originating in theoretical physics, Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) has been an important topic in probability theory and mathematical physics in the past two decades. In this proceeding, we review two aspects of this topic. The first is…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Nina Holden , Xin Sun

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces are a family of random fractal surfaces which can be thought of as the canonical models of random two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, in the same sense that Brownian motion is the canonical model…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Ewain Gwynne

Let $\gamma \in (0,2)$ and let $h$ be the random distribution on $\mathbb C$ which describes a $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) cone. Also let $\kappa = 16/\gamma^2 >4$ and let $\eta$ be a whole-plane space-filling SLE$_\kappa$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-04 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Xin Sun

Over the past few decades, two natural random surface models have emerged within physics and mathematics. The first is Liouville quantum gravity, which has its roots in string theory and conformal field theory from the 1980s and 1990s. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Jason Miller

We prove that the Tutte embeddings (a.k.a. harmonic/barycentric embeddings) of certain random planar maps converge to $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity ($\gamma$-LQG). Specifically, we treat mated-CRT maps, which are discretized matings of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

We study Gauss curvature for random Riemannian metrics on a compact surface, lying in a fixed conformal class; our questions are motivated by comparison geometry. Next, analogous questions are considered for the scalar curvature in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Yaiza Canzani , Dmitry Jakobson , Igor Wigman

Consider a bounded planar domain D, an instance h of the Gaussian free field on D (with Dirichlet energy normalized by 1/(2\pi)), and a constant 0 < gamma < 2. The Liouville quantum gravity measure on D is the weak limit as epsilon tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-03 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${\mathbf{c}}_{\mathrm M}\in(-\infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Joshua Pfeffer , Guillaume Remy

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is, heuristically, a theory of random Riemannian geometry with Riemannian metric tensor $e^{\gamma h} (\mathrm{d} x^2 + \mathrm{d} y^2)$, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field and $\gamma > 0$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Charles Devlin VI

This is Part II of our project on block-weighted planar maps and Liouville quantum duality. Focusing on the scaling properties at the dual critical point, we derive the conditional distribution of the root block size given the total size,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Bertrand Duplantier , Emmanuel Guitter

We study Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in the supercritical (a.k.a. strongly coupled) phase, which has background charge $Q \in (0,2)$ and central charge $\mathbf{c}_{\mathrm{L}} = 1+6Q^2 \in (1,25)$. Recent works have shown how to define…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Manan Bhatia , Ewain Gwynne , Jinwoo Sung

Given a planar graph derived from a spherical, euclidean or hyperbolic tessellation, one can define a discrete curvature by combinatorial properties, which after embedding the graph in a compact 2d-manifold, becomes the Gaussian curvature.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Lorente

We prove a scaling limit result for random walk on certain random planar maps with its natural time parametrization. In particular, we show that for $\gamma \in (0,2)$, the random walk on the mated-CRT map with parameter $\gamma$ converges…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Nathanael Berestycki , Ewain Gwynne

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) and the Brownian map (TBM) are two distinct models of measure-endowed random surfaces. LQG is defined in terms of a real parameter $\gamma$, and it has long been believed that when $\gamma = \sqrt{8/3}$, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

2D quantum gravity is the idea that a set of discretized surfaces (called map, a graph on a surface), equipped with a graph measure, converges in the large size limit (large number of faces) to a conformal field theory (CFT), and in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Séverin Charbonnier , Bertrand Eynard , François David

$\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity ($\gamma$-LQG) constitutes a family of planar random geometries whose geodesics exhibit intricate fractal behaviour. As is observed in various planar models of random geometry as part of the phenomenon of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Manan Bhatia , Konstantinos Kavvadias

We re-examine the nonperturbative curvature properties of two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity, obtained as the scaling limit of a path integral over dynamical triangulations of a two-sphere, which lies in the same universality class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-05 R. Loll , T. Niestadt

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, the quantum disk and $\gamma$-quantum wedge are two of the most natural types of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces with boundary. These surfaces arise as scaling limits of finite and infinite random planar…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Morris Ang , Ewain Gwynne

How does one generalize differential geometric constructs such as curvature of a manifold to the discrete world of graphs and other combinatorial structures? This problem carries significant importance for analyzing models of discrete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-27 J. F. Du Plessis , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Building on the recently introduced notion of quantum Ricci curvature and motivated by considerations in nonperturbative quantum gravity, we advocate a new, global observable for curved metric spaces, the curvature profile. It is obtained…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 J. Brunekreef , R. Loll
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