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Pre-trained deep language models~(LM) have advanced the state-of-the-art of text retrieval. Rerankers fine-tuned from deep LM estimates candidate relevance based on rich contextualized matching signals. Meanwhile, deep LMs can also be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Luyu Gao , Zhuyun Dai , Jamie Callan

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Multilingual language models have significantly advanced due to rapid progress in natural language processing. Models like BLOOM 1.7B, trained on diverse multilingual datasets, aim to bridge linguistic gaps. However, their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Santhosh Kakarla , Gautama Shastry Bulusu Venkata , Aishwarya Gaddam , Maheedhar Sai Omtri Mohan

Extracting structured information from unstructured text is crucial for modeling real-world processes, but traditional schema mining relies on semi-structured data, limiting scalability. This paper introduces schema-miner, a novel tool that…

Understanding the representations of different languages in multilingual language models is essential for comprehending their cross-lingual properties, predicting their performance on downstream tasks, and identifying any biases across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Cheril Shah , Yashashree Chandak , Manan Suri

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siyue Zhang , Yuan Gao , Xiao Zhou , Yilun Zhao , Tingyu Song , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated strong performance in multilingual question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging relevant passages retrieved from corpora. In multilingual RAG (mRAG), the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Cross-lingual context retrieval (extracting contextual information in one language based on requests in another) is a fundamental aspect of cross-lingual alignment, but the performance and mechanism of it for large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Changjiang Gao , Hankun Lin , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Previous work has shown that the representations output by contextual language models are more anisotropic than static type embeddings, and typically display outlier dimensions. This seems to be true for both monolingual and multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Katharina Hämmerl , Alina Fastowski , Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

The rapid progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly advanced their ability to process and understand complex visual and textual information. However, the integration of multiple images and extensive textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yujie Lu , Xiujun Li , Tsu-Jui Fu , Miguel Eckstein , William Yang Wang

In this paper, we introduce a new embedding model called M3-Embedding, which is distinguished for its versatility in \textit{Multi-Linguality}, \textit{Multi-Functionality}, and \textit{Multi-Granularity}. It provides a uniform support for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianlv Chen , Shitao Xiao , Peitian Zhang , Kun Luo , Defu Lian , Zheng Liu

Dense vector representations for sentences made significant progress in recent years as can be seen on sentence similarity tasks. Real-world phrase retrieval applications, on the other hand, still encounter challenges for effective use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Eyal Orbach , Lev Haikin , Nelly David , Avi Faizakof

Despite the remarkable success of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in generative tasks, we observe that they exhibit a counterintuitive deficiency in the zero-shot multimodal retrieval task. In this work, we investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hengyi Feng , Zeang Sheng , Meiyi Qiang , Yang Li , Wentao Zhang

Text retrieval is a long-standing research topic on information seeking, where a system is required to return relevant information resources to user's queries in natural language. From classic retrieval methods to learning-based ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ruiyang Ren , Ji-Rong Wen

Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark , William W. Cohen , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Sonal Sannigrahi , Josef van Genabith , Cristina Espana-Bonet

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in dealing with new tasks with the help of in-context learning (ICL). In the study of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), when implementing ICL, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ellen Yi-Ge , Jiechao Gao , Wei Han , Wei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at capturing latent semantics and contextual relationships across diverse modalities. However, in modeling user behavior from sequential interaction data, performance often suffers when such semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mahsa Valizadeh , Xiangjue Dong , Rui Tuo , James Caverlee

Multimodal recommender systems (MRS) integrate heterogeneous user and item data, such as text, images, and structured information, to enhance recommendation performance. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) introduces new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alejo Lopez-Avila , Jinhua Du