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Language models (LMs) have recently flourished in natural language processing and computer vision, generating high-fidelity texts or images in various tasks. In contrast, the current speech generative models are still struggling regarding…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Yi Lei , Tao Li , Wendi He , Hongbin Zhou , Heng Lu , Lei Xie

Neural codec language model (LM) has demonstrated strong capability in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. However, the codec LM often suffers from limitations in inference speed and stability, due to its auto-regressive nature and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-25 Yakun Song , Zhuo Chen , Xiaofei Wang , Ziyang Ma , Guanrou Yang , Xie Chen

In this paper, we propose a personalized neural speech codec, envisioning that personalization can reduce the model complexity or improve perceptual speech quality. Despite the common usage of speech codecs where only a single talker is…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Inseon Jang , Haici Yang , Wootaek Lim , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

Neural audio codecs form the foundational building blocks for language model (LM)-based speech generation. Typically, there is a trade-off between frame rate and audio quality. This study introduces a low-frame-rate, semantically enhanced…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiaqi Li , Xiaolong Lin , Zhekai Li , Shixi Huang , Yuancheng Wang , Chaoren Wang , Zhenpeng Zhan , Zhizheng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced audio generation through discrete representation learning. However, most existing neural codecs focus on speech and emphasize reconstruction fidelity, overlooking unified low frame rate modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jingbin Hu , Haoyu Zhang , Dake Guo , Qirui Zhan , Wenhao Li , Huakang Chen , Guobin Ma , Hanke Xie , Chengyou Wang , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Qiang Zhang , Lei Xie

In this paper we demonstrate methods for reliable and efficient training of discrete representation using Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder models (VQ-VAEs). Discrete latent variable models have been shown to learn nontrivial…

Foreign accent conversion (FAC) in speech processing remains a challenging task. Building on the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-Speech (TTS) tasks, this study investigates the adaptation of LLM-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Zhuangfei Cheng , Guangyan Zhang , Zehai Tu , Yangyang Song , Shuiyang Mao , Xiaoqi Jiao , Jingyu Li , Yiwen Guo , Jiasong Wu

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) can reduce transmission overhead by performing compact compression and reconstruction, which also aim to bridge the gap between continuous and discrete signals. Existing NACs can be divided into two categories:…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Shengbo Cai , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Speech codecs that convert continuous speech signals into discrete tokens have become essential for speech language models. However, existing codecs struggle to balance high-quality reconstruction with semantically rich representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenxi Chen , Xinsheng Wang , Ruiqi Yan , Yushen Chen , Zhikang Niu , Ziyang Ma , Xiquan Li , Yuzhe Liang , Hanlin Wen , Shunshun Yin , Ming Tao , Xie Chen

Large language model (LLM) based zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) methods tend to preserve the acoustic environment of the audio prompt, leading to degradation in synthesized speech quality when the audio prompt contains noise. In this paper,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Ye-Xin Lu , Hui-Peng Du , Fei Liu , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Audio codec models are widely used in audio communication as a crucial technique for compressing audio into discrete representations. Nowadays, audio codec models are increasingly utilized in generation fields as intermediate…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Dongchao Yang , Songxiang Liu , Rongjie Huang , Jinchuan Tian , Chao Weng , Yuexian Zou

Tokenising continuous speech into sequences of discrete tokens and modelling them with language models (LMs) has led to significant success in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Although these models can generate speech with high quality and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zehai Tu , Guangyan Zhang , Yiting Lu , Adaeze Adigwe , Simon King , Yiwen Guo

This paper investigates efficient methods for utilizing text-only data to improve speech recognition, focusing on encoder-dominated models that facilitate faster recognition. We provide a comprehensive comparison of techniques to integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Albert Zeyer , Tim Posielek , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising technologies for the next era of speech generation systems, due to their scalability and in-context learning capabilities. Nevertheless, they suffer from multiple stability issues…

Large language models show that simple autoregressive training can yield scalable and coherent generation, but extending this paradigm to speech remains challenging due to the entanglement of semantic and acoustic information. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Neural audio codecs are a fundamental component of modern generative audio pipelines. Although recent codecs achieve strong low-bitrate reconstruction and provide powerful representations for downstream tasks, most are non-streamable,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis has seen renewed progress under the discrete modeling paradigm. Existing autoregressive approaches often rely on single-codebook representations, which suffer from significant information loss. Even with…

Recently, sequence-to-sequence models with attention have been successfully applied in Text-to-speech (TTS). These models can generate near-human speech with a large accurately-transcribed speech corpus. However, preparing such a large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-12 Haitong Zhang , Yue Lin

Recent advancements in neural audio codecs have not only enabled superior audio compression but also enhanced speech synthesis techniques. Researchers are now exploring their potential as universal acoustic feature extractors for a broader…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , David Harwath