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Machine learning models often suffer from catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge when learning new classes. Various methods have been proposed to mitigate this issue. However, rehearsal-based learning, which retains samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hossein Rezaei , Mohammad Sabokrou

Multimodal models, such as the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) model, have demonstrated remarkable success in aligning visual and linguistic representations. However, these models exhibit limitations when applied to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hiroshi Sasaki

We focus on contrastive methods for self-supervised video representation learning. A common paradigm in contrastive learning is to construct positive pairs by sampling different data views for the same instance, with different data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Chen Sun , Arsha Nagrani , Yonglong Tian , Cordelia Schmid

Learning representations unaffected by superficial characteristics is important to ensure that shifts in these characteristics at test time do not compromise downstream prediction performance. For instance, in healthcare applications, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Minghui Sun , Benjamin A. Goldstein , Matthew M. Engelhard

In this paper, we propose a Counterfactually Decoupled Attention Learning (CDAL) method for open-world model attribution. Existing methods rely on handcrafted design of region partitioning or feature space, which could be confounded by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yu Zheng , Boyang Gong , Fanye Kong , Yueqi Duan , Bingyao Yu , Wenzhao Zheng , Lei Chen , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou

Unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) Detection aims to separate the samples falling outside the distribution of training data without label information. Among numerous branches, contrastive learning has shown its excellent capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Menglong Chen , Xingtai Gui , Shicai Fan

Pretrained Transformers achieve remarkable performance when training and test data are from the same distribution. However, in real-world scenarios, the model often faces out-of-distribution (OOD) instances that can cause severe semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Wenxuan Zhou , Fangyu Liu , Muhao Chen

We study three intriguing properties of contrastive learning. First, we generalize the standard contrastive loss to a broader family of losses, and we find that various instantiations of the generalized loss perform similarly under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ting Chen , Calvin Luo , Lala Li

Recent studies have shown the impressive efficacy of counterfactually augmented data (CAD) for reducing NLU models' reliance on spurious features and improving their generalizability. However, current methods still heavily rely on human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Yeshuang Zhu , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou , Minlie Huang

Contrastive learning has shown promising potential for learning robust representations by utilizing unlabeled data. However, constructing effective positive-negative pairs for contrastive learning on facial behavior datasets remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Xiang Zhang , Taoyue Wang , Xiaotian Li , Huiyuan Yang , Lijun Yin

With the advent of big data across multiple high-impact applications, we are often facing the challenge of complex heterogeneity. The newly collected data usually consist of multiple modalities and are characterized with multiple labels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Lecheng Zheng , Jinjun Xiong , Yada Zhu , Jingrui He

Self-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that generates implicit labels by learning underlined patterns and extracting discriminative features from unlabeled data without manual labelling. Contrastive learning introduces the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Asifullah Khan , Laiba Asmatullah , Anza Malik , Shahzaib Khan , Hamna Asif

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision tasks such as image classification, segmentation, and object detection. However, they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can cause incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Suklav Ghosh , Sonal Kumar , Arijit Sur

Contrastive learning demonstrates great promise for representation learning. Data augmentations play a critical role in contrastive learning by providing informative views of the data without necessitating explicit labels. Nonetheless, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Zihu Wang , Yu Wang , Zhuotong Chen , Hanbin Hu , Peng Li

Contrastive learning (CL) methods effectively learn data representations in a self-supervision manner, where the encoder contrasts each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Huangjie Zheng , Xu Chen , Jiangchao Yao , Hongxia Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ya Zhang , Hao Zhang , Ivor Tsang , Jingren Zhou , Mingyuan Zhou

What role do augmentations play in contrastive learning? Recent work suggests that good augmentations are label-preserving with respect to a specific downstream task. We complicate this picture by showing that label-destroying augmentations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Alex Tamkin , Margalit Glasgow , Xiluo He , Noah Goodman

Domain adversarial training has shown its effective capability for finding domain invariant feature representations and been successfully adopted for various domain adaptation tasks. However, recent advances of large models (e.g., vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jiahong Chen , Zhilin Zhang , Lucy Li , Behzad Shahrasbi , Arjun Mishra

Contrastive Learning first extracts features from unlabeled data, followed by linear probing with labeled data. Adversarial Contrastive Learning (ACL) integrates Adversarial Training into the first phase to enhance feature robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ngoc N. Tran , Lam Tran , Hoang Phan , Anh Bui , Tung Pham , Toan Tran , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

As one of the most effective self-supervised representation learning methods, contrastive learning (CL) relies on multiple negative pairs to contrast against each positive pair. In the standard practice of contrastive learning, data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Lu Wang , Chao Du , Pu Zhao , Chuan Luo , Zhangchi Zhu , Bo Qiao , Wei Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang
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