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In the standard web browser programming model, third-party scripts included in an application execute with the same privilege as the application's own code. This leaves the application's confidential data vulnerable to theft and leakage by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Abhishek Bichhawat , Vineet Rajani , Jinank Jain , Deepak Garg , Christian Hammer

In the modern Web, service providers often rely heavily on third parties to run their services. For example, they make use of ad networks to finance their services, externally hosted libraries to develop features quickly, and analytics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Tobias Urban , Martin Degeling , Thorsten Holz , Norbert Pohlmann

While companies increasingly rely on data, especially when it comes to targeted advertising, adapting content to users, selling data and training machine learning models, the collection of data raises privacy concerns. One way of collecting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Liv Hilde Sjøflot , Tobias A. Opsahl

We present the first extensive measurement of the privacy properties of the advertising systems used by privacy-focused search engines. We propose an automated methodology to study the impact of clicking on search ads on three popular…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Salim Chouaki , Oana Goga , Hamed Haddadi , Peter Snyder

The main goal of this paper is to study how often cookie banners that comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contain aesthetic manipulation, a design tactic to draw users' attention to the button that permits personal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riley Grossman , Michael Smith , Cristian Borcea , Yi Chen

Online tracking is a widespread practice on the web with questionable ethics, security, and privacy concerns. While web tracking can offer personalized and curated content to Internet users, it operates as a sophisticated surveillance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Seyed Ali Akhavani , Engin Kirda , Amin Kharraz

Mini-programs, an emerging mobile application paradigm within super-apps, offer a seamless and installation-free experience. However, the adoption of the web-view component has disrupted their isolation mechanisms, exposing new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Miao Zhang , Shenao Wang , Guilin Zheng , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Throughout recent years, the importance of internet-privacy has continuously risen. [...] Browser fingerprinting is a technique that does not require cookies or persistent identifiers. It derives a sufficiently unique identifier from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sebastian Neef

This paper presents a sociotechnical vision for managing personal data, including cookies, within Web browsers. We first present our vision for a future of semi-automated data governance on the Web, using policy languages to describe data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jesse Wright , Beatriz Esteves , Rui Zhao

Growth in technology has resulted in the large-scale collection and processing of Personally Identifiable Information by organizations that run digital services such as websites, which led to the emergence of new legislation to regulate PII…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Abdirahman Mohamed , Christopher Dare , Ayobami Esther Olanrewaju , Mercyleen Tanui , Fonyuy Boris Lami

Third party tracking is the practice by which third parties recognize users accross different websites as they browse the web. Recent studies show that 90% of websites contain third party content that is tracking its users across the web.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Dolière Francis Somé , Nataliia Bielova , Tamara Rezk

We present a study of how local frames (i.e., iframes loading content like "about:blank") are mishandled by a wide range of popular Web security and privacy tools. As a result, users of these tools remain vulnerable to the very attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Alisha Ukani , Hamed Haddadi , Alex C. Snoeren , Peter Snyder

In this work, we analyze the legal requirements on how cookie banners are supposed to be implemented to be fully compliant with the e-Privacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation. Our contribution resides in the definition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Cristiana Santos , Nataliia Bielova , Célestin Matte

Online tracking remains problematic, with compliance and ethical issues persisting despite regulatory efforts. Consent interfaces, the visible manifestation of this industry, have seen significant attention over the years. We present robust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Midas Nouwens , Janus Bager Kristensen , Kristjan Maalt , Rolf Bagge

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) secures the right to Opt-Out for consumers in California. However, websites may implement complex consent mechanisms that potentially do not capture the user's true choices. We investigated the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Torsha Mazumdar , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Muhammad Ahmad Bashir , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson

Browsers and their users can be tracked even in the absence of a persistent IP address or cookie. Unique and hence identifying pieces of information, making up what is known as a fingerprint, can be collected from browsers by a visited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah , Wanpeng Li

Certain HTTP Cookies on certain sites can be a source of content bias in archival crawls. Accommodating Cookies at crawl time, but not utilizing them at replay time may cause cookie violations, resulting in defaced composite mementos that…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sawood Alam , Plinio Vargas , Michele C. Weigle , Michael L. Nelson

Privacy has deteriorated in the world wide web ever since the 1990s. The tracking of browsing habits by different third-parties has been at the center of this deterioration. Web cookies and so-called web beacons have been the classical ways…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Jukka Ruohonen , Ville Leppänen

The GDPR requires websites to facilitate the right to revoke consent from Web users. While numerous studies measured compliance of consent with the various consent requirements, no prior work has studied consent revocation on the Web.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Gayatri Priyadarsini Kancherla , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos , Abhishek Bichhawat