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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as an effective alternative medicine, has been receiving increasing attention. In recent years, the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) tailored for TCM has highlighted the urgent need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiacheng Xie , Yang Yu , Ziyang Zhang , Shuai Zeng , Jiaxuan He , Ayush Vasireddy , Xiaoting Tang , Congyu Guo , Lening Zhao , Congcong Jing , Guanghui An , Dong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have performed remarkably well in various natural language processing tasks by benchmarking, including in the Western medical domain. However, the professional evaluation benchmarks for LLMs have yet to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wenjing Yue , Xiaoling Wang , Wei Zhu , Ming Guan , Huanran Zheng , Pengfei Wang , Changzhi Sun , Xin Ma

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic medical system with millennia of accumulated clinical experience, playing a vital role in global healthcare-particularly across East Asia. However, the implicit reasoning, diverse textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shufeng Kong , Xingru Yang , Yuanyuan Wei , Zijie Wang , Hao Tang , Jiuqi Qin , Shuting Lan , Yingheng Wang , Junwen Bai , Zhuangbin Chen , Zibin Zheng , Caihua Liu , Hao Liang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have transformed the field of question answering (QA). However, evaluating LLMs in the medical field is challenging due to the lack of standardized and comprehensive datasets. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Junling Liu , Peilin Zhou , Yining Hua , Dading Chong , Zhongyu Tian , Andrew Liu , Helin Wang , Chenyu You , Zhenhua Guo , Lei Zhu , Michael Lingzhi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in modern medicine, yet their application in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains severely limited by the absence of standardized benchmarks and the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zihao Cheng , Yuheng Lu , Huaiqian Ye , Zeming Liu , Minqi Wang , Jingjing Liu , Zihan Li , Wei Fan , Yuanfang Guo , Ruiji Fu , Shifeng She , Gang Wang , Yunhong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a possibility to make a great breakthrough in medicine. The establishment of a standardized medical benchmark becomes a fundamental cornerstone to measure progression. However, medical environments in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xidong Wang , Guiming Hardy Chen , Dingjie Song , Zhiyi Zhang , Zhihong Chen , Qingying Xiao , Feng Jiang , Jianquan Li , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

Generative large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in various applications, including question-answering (QA) and dialogue systems. However, in specialized domains like traditional Chinese medical QA, these models may perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Zijie Huang , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan

Natural medicines, particularly Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), are gaining global recognition for their therapeutic potential in addressing human symptoms and diseases. TCM, with its systematic theories and extensive practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhi Liu , Tao Yang , Jing Wang , Yexin Chen , Zhan Gao , Jiaxi Yang , Kui Chen , Bingji Lu , Xiaochen Li , Changyong Luo , Yan Li , Xiaohong Gu , Peng Cao

No previous work has studied the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an essential and distinct branch of medical knowledge with a rich history. To bridge this gap, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Li Yizhen , Huang Shaohan , Qi Jiaxing , Quan Lei , Han Dongran , Luan Zhongzhi

The surge of large language models (LLMs) has driven significant progress in medical applications, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, current medical LLMs struggle with TCM diagnosis and syndrome differentiation due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Sibo Wei , Xueping Peng , Yi-Fei Wang , Tao Shen , Jiasheng Si , Weiyu Zhang , Fa Zhu , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Wenpeng Lu , Xiaoming Wu , Yinglong Wang

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in various domains, their potential in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains largely underexplored due to two critical barriers: (1) the scarcity of high-quality TCM data and (2) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junying Chen , Zhenyang Cai , Zhiheng Liu , Yunjin Yang , Rongsheng Wang , Qingying Xiao , Xiangyi Feng , Zhan Su , Jing Guo , Xiang Wan , Guangjun Yu , Haizhou Li , Benyou Wang

This paper explores the application of prompt engineering to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in the domain of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We propose TCM-Prompt, a framework that integrates various pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yirui Chen , Qinyu Xiao , Jia Yi , Jing Chen , Mengyang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant progress in a number of professional fields, including medicine, law, and finance. However, in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), there are challenges such as the essential differences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Heyi Zhang , Xin Wang , Zhaopeng Meng , Zhe Chen , Pengwei Zhuang , Yongzhe Jia , Dawei Xu , Wenbin Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks in general domains. However, LLMs sometimes generate responses with the hallucination about medical facts due to limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Haochun Wang , Sendong Zhao , Zewen Qiang , Zijian Li , Nuwa Xi , Yanrui Du , MuZhen Cai , Haoqiang Guo , Yuhan Chen , Haoming Xu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with a history spanning over two millennia, plays a role in global healthcare. However, applying large language models (LLMs) to TCM remains challenging due to its reliance on holistic reasoning, implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiacheng Xie , Yang Yu , Yibo Chen , Hanyao Zhang , Lening Zhao , Jiaxuan He , Lei Jiang , Xiaoting Tang , Guanghui An , Dong Xu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the medical domain has stressed a compelling need for standard datasets to evaluate their question-answering (QA) performance. Although there have been several benchmark datasets for medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qian Zhang , Panfeng Chen , Jiali Li , Linkun Feng , Shuyu Liu , Heng Zhao , Mei Chen , Hui Li , Yanhao Wang

Recently, the increasing demand for superior medical services has highlighted the discrepancies in the medical infrastructure. With big data, especially texts, forming the foundation of medical services, there is an exigent need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yuanhe Tian , Ruyi Gan , Yan Song , Jiaxing Zhang , Yongdong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly in medical NLP, yet Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its distinctive ontology, terminology, and reasoning patterns requires domain-faithful evaluation. Existing TCM benchmarks are…

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various NLP tasks and modern medicine, but their evaluation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is underexplored. To address this, we introduce TCM3CEval, a benchmark assessing LLMs in TCM across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tianai Huang , Lu Lu , Jiayuan Chen , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Yuping Zhao , Wenchao Tang , Jie Xu

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a natural, safe, and effective therapy that has spread and been applied worldwide. The unique TCM diagnosis and treatment system requires a comprehensive analysis of a patient's symptoms hidden in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Mucheng Ren , Heyan Huang , Yuxiang Zhou , Qianwen Cao , Yuan Bu , Yang Gao
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