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A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed at most $k$ times. Typically, the class of 1-planar graphs is among the most investigated graph families within the so-called "beyond planar graphs". A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Xin Zhang , Yan Li

A partition $(V_1,\ldots,V_k)$ of the vertex set of a graph $G$ with a (not necessarily proper) colouring $c$ is colourful if no two vertices in any $V_i$ have the same colour and every set $V_i$ induces a connected graph. The COLOURFUL…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Laurent Bulteau , Konrad K. Dabrowski , Guillaume Fertin , Matthew Johnson , Daniel Paulusma , Stephane Vialette

The problem of finding the minimum number of colors to color a graph properly without containing any bicolored copy of a fixed family of subgraphs has been widely studied. Most well-known examples are star coloring and acyclic coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Alaittin Kırtışoğlu , Lale Özkahya

A \emph{directional labeling} of an edge $\emph{uv}$ in a graph $G=(V,E)$ by an ordered pair $ab$ is a labeling of the edge $uv$ such that the label on $uv$ in the direction from $u$ to $v$ is $\ell(uv)=ab$, and $\ell(vu)=ba$. New…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-02 E. Sampathkumar , M. A. Sriraj

A graph is locally irregular if the degrees of the end-vertices of every edge are distinct. An edge coloring of a graph G is locally irregular if every color induces a locally irregular subgraph of G. A colorable graph G is any graph which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

Given an $r$-edge-colouring of the edges of a graph $G$, we say that it can be partitioned into $p$ monochromatic cycles when there exists a set of $p$ vertex-disjoint monochromatic cycles covering all the vertices of $G$. In the literature…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Fabrício Siqueira Benevides , Arthur Lima Quintino , Alexandre Talon

The Cyclic Coloring Conjecture asserts that the vertices of every plane graph with maximum face size D can be colored using at most 3D/2 colors in such a way that no face is incident with two vertices of the same color. The Cyclic Coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-08 Michael Hebdige , Daniel Kral

A signed graph is a graph in which each edge is labeled with $+1$ or $-1$. A (proper) vertex coloring of a signed graph is a mapping $\f$ that assigns to each vertex $v\in V(G)$ a color $\f(v)\in \mz$ such that every edge $vw$ of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-17 Thomas Schweser , Michael Stiebitz

An edge colouring of a graph is said to be an $r$-local colouring if the edges incident to any vertex are coloured with at most $r$ colours. Generalising a result of Bessy and Thomass\'e, we prove that the vertex set of any $2$-locally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-12 David Conlon , Maya Stein

A complete partition of a graph $G$ is a partition of the vertex set such that there is at least one edge between any two parts. The largest $r$ such that $G$ has a complete partition into $r$ parts, each of which is an independent set, is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Vladislav Taranchuk , Craig Timmons

A coloring of vertices of a graph is called perfect if, for every vertex, the collection of colors of its neighbors depends only on its own color. The correspondent color partition of vertices is called equitable. We note that a number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Vladimir N. Potapov

Not every directed acyclic graph (DAG) whose underlying undirected graph is planar admits an upward planar drawing. We are interested in pushing the notion of upward drawings beyond planarity by considering upward $k$-planar drawings of…

An asymmetric coloring of a graph is a coloring of its vertices that is not preserved by any non-identity automorphism of the graph. The motion of a graph is the minimal degree of its automorphism group, i.e., the minimum number of elements…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Laszlo Babai

A colored graph is a complete graph in which a color has been assigned to each edge, and a colorful cycle is a cycle in which each edge has a different color. We first show that a colored graph lacks colorful cycles iff it is Gallai, i.e.,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Richard N. Ball , Aleš Pultr , Petr Vojtěchovský

A graph is said to be {\it total-colored} if all the edges and the vertices of the graph are colored. A total-coloring of a graph is a {\it total monochromatically-connecting coloring} ({\it TMC-coloring}, for short) if any two vertices of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-11 Hui Jiang , Xueliang Li , Yingying Zhang

A k-edge-weighting of a graph G is a function w: E(G)->{1,2,...,k}. An edge-weighting naturally induces a vertex coloring c, where for every vertex v in V(G), c(v) is sum of weights of the edges that are adjacent to vertex v. If the induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-16 Akbar Davoodi , Behnaz Omoomi

Independently posed by Behzad and Vizing, the Total Coloring Conjecture asserts that the total chromatic number of a simple connected graph $G$ is either $\Delta(G)+1$ or $\Delta(G)+2$, where $\Delta(G)$ is the largest degree of any vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-13 I. J. Dejter

We investigate Fair and Tolerant (FAT) graph colorings, a coloring framework in which each vertex is allowed to share its color with a prescribed fraction of its neighbors, while the remaining neighbors are required to be distributed evenly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Lies Beers , Raffaella Mulas

We study vertex colourings of digraphs so that no out-neighbourhood is monochromatic and call such a colouring an {\bf out-colouring}. The problem of deciding whether a given digraph has an out-colouring with only two colours (called a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Noga Alon , Joergen Bang-Jensen , Stéphane Bessy

We study a new variant of graph coloring by adding a connectivity constraint. A path in a vertex-colored graph is called conflict-free if there is a color that appears exactly once on its vertices. A connected graph $G$ is said to be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Sun-Yuan Hsieh , Hoang-Oanh Le , Van Bang Le , Sheng-Lung Peng