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The stochastic heavy ball method (SHB), also known as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with Polyak's momentum, is widely used in training neural networks. However, despite the remarkable success of such algorithm in practice, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Diyuan Wu , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Marco Mondelli

Stochastic momentum methods have been widely adopted in training deep neural networks. However, their theoretical analysis of convergence of the training objective and the generalization error for prediction is still under-explored. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Yan Yan , Tianbao Yang , Zhe Li , Qihang Lin , Yi Yang

Recently, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants have become the dominant methods in the large-scale optimization of machine learning (ML) problems. A variety of strategies have been proposed for tuning the step sizes, ranging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Xiaoyu Li

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for strongly convex functions converges at the rate $\bO(1/k)$. However, achieving good results in practice requires tuning the parameters (for example the learning rate) of the algorithm. In this paper we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-15 Adam M. Oberman , Mariana Prazeres

We analyze gradient descent with Polyak heavy-ball momentum (HB) whose fixed momentum parameter $\beta \in (0, 1)$ provides exponential decay of memory. Building on Kovachki and Stuart (2021), we prove that on an exponentially attractive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Matias D. Cattaneo , Boris Shigida

In this work, we propose an adaptive variation on the classical Heavy-ball method for convex quadratic minimization. The adaptivity crucially relies on so-called "Polyak step-sizes", which consists in using the knowledge of the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Baptiste Goujaud , Adrien Taylor , Aymeric Dieuleveut

Here we develop variants of SGD (stochastic gradient descent) with an adaptive step size that make use of the sampled loss values. In particular, we focus on solving a finite sum-of-terms problem, also known as empirical risk minimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Guillaume Garrigos , Robert M. Gower , Fabian Schaipp

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) is one of the most widely used optimization algorithms in machine learning. While optimization properties of SGDM have been extensively studied in the literature, it remains insufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunwen Lei , Zimeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

The Polyak stepsize has been widely used in subgradient methods for non-smooth convex optimization. However, calculating the stepsize requires the optimal value, which is generally unknown. Therefore, dynamic estimations of the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Anbang Liu , Mikhail A. Bragin , Xi Chen , Xiaohong Guan

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) is the dominant algorithm in many optimization scenarios, including convex optimization instances and non-convex neural network training. Yet, in the stochastic setting, momentum interferes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Junhyung Lyle Kim , Panos Toulis , Anastasios Kyrillidis

We develop a high-dimensional scaling limit for Stochastic Gradient Descent with Polyak Momentum (SGD-M) and adaptive step-sizes. This provides a framework to rigourously compare online SGD with some of its popular variants. We show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Aukosh Jagannath , Taj Jones-McCormick , Varnan Sarangian

The problem of finding a solution to the linear system $Ax = b$ with certain minimization properties arises in numerous scientific and engineering areas. In the era of big data, the stochastic optimization algorithms become increasingly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Yun Zeng , Deren Han , Yansheng Su , Jiaxin Xie

We provide a general convergence theorem of an idealized stochastic Polyak step size called SPS$^*$. Besides convexity, we only assume a local expected gradient bound, that includes locally smooth and locally Lipschitz losses as special…

Recently the "SP" (Stochastic Polyak step size) method has emerged as a competitive adaptive method for setting the step sizes of SGD. SP can be interpreted as a method specialized to interpolated models, since it solves the interpolation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Shuang Li , William J. Swartworth , Martin Takáč , Deanna Needell , Robert M. Gower

In this paper, we consider constrained optimization problems with convex, smooth objective and constraints. We propose a new stochastic gradient algorithm, called the Stochastic Moving Ball Approximation (SMBA) method, to solve this class…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Nitesh Kumar Singh , Ion Necoara

Accelerating stochastic gradient methods with classical momentum schemes, such as Polyak's heavy ball, has proven highly successful in training large-scale machine learning models, particularly when combined with the hardware acceleration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sachin Garg , Michał Dereziński

Stochastic model-based methods have received increasing attention lately due to their appealing robustness to the stepsize selection and provable efficiency guarantee. We make two important extensions for improving model-based methods on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Qi Deng , Wenzhi Gao

Stochastic projection algorithms for solving convex feasibility problems (CFPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their broad applicability. In this paper, we propose a unified stochastic bilevel reformulation for possibly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Lu Zhang , Hongzhen Chen , Hongxia Wang , Hui Zhang

Stochastic gradient methods have been a popular and powerful choice of optimization methods, aimed at minimizing functions. Their advantage lies in the fact that that one approximates the gradient as opposed to using the full Jacobian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Neil K. Chada , Philip J. Herbert

The Polyak stepsize has been proven to be a fundamental stepsize in convex optimization, giving near optimal gradient descent rates across a wide range of assumptions. The universality of the Polyak stepsize has also inspired many…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Francesco Orabona , Ryan D'Orazio