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Corrections given by ordinary social media users, also referred to as Social Correction have emerged as a viable intervention against misinformation as per the recent literature. However, little is known about how often users give disputing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Sameera S. Vithanage , Keith Ransom , Antonette Mendoza , Shanika Karunasekera

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

The pervasiveness of online toxicity, including hate speech and trolling, disrupts digital interactions and online well-being. Previous research has mainly focused on post-hoc moderation, overlooking the real-time emotional dynamics of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Akriti Verma , Shama Islam , Valeh Moghaddam , Adnan Anwar

Moderators of online communities often employ comment deletion as a tool. We ask here whether, beyond the positive effects of shielding a community from undesirable content, does comment removal actually cause the behavior of the comment's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Kumar Bhargav Srinivasan , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil , Lillian Lee , Chenhao Tan

We investigate the impact of free speech and the relaxation of moderation on online social media platforms using Elon Musk's takeover of Twitter as a case study. By curating a dataset of over 10 million tweets, our study employs a novel…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Arvindh Arun , Saurav Chhatani , Jisun An , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Hateful speech detection is a key component of content moderation, yet current evaluation frameworks rarely assess why a text is deemed hateful. We introduce \textsf{HateXScore}, a four-component metric suite designed to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yujia Hu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Online communities are constantly growing, with dozens of platforms housing millions of users. Large and small communities alike rely on volunteer moderators to maintain order. Despite their key role, moderators are given a toolbox of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Charlotte Lambert , Agam Goyal , Eunice Mok , Eshwar Chandrasekharan

As social media has become a predominant mode of communication globally, the rise of abusive content threatens to undermine civil discourse. Recognizing the critical nature of this issue, a significant body of research has been dedicated to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xinyu Wang , Sai Koneru , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Brett Frischmann , Sarah Rajtmajer

This study examines social media users' preferences for the use of platform-wide moderation in comparison to user-controlled, personalized moderation tools to regulate three categories of norm-violating content - hate speech, sexually…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Shagun Jhaver , Amy Zhang

Hateful comments are prevalent on social media platforms. Although tools for automatically detecting, flagging, and blocking such false, offensive, and harmful content online have lately matured, such reactive and brute force methods alone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sougata Saha , Rohini Srihari

Growing evidence shows that proactive content moderation supported by AI can help improve online discourse. However, we know little about designing these systems, how design impacts efficacy and user experience, and how people perceive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Husnain Rafiq , Liying Yang , Lynne Coventry

Content moderation is a global challenge, yet major tech platforms prioritize high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages with scarce native moderators. Since effective moderation depends on understanding contextual cues, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junyeong Park , Seogyeong Jeong , Seyoung Song , Yohan Lee , Alice Oh

To meet the demands of content moderation, online platforms have resorted to automated systems. Newer forms of real-time engagement($\textit{e.g.}$, users commenting on live streams) on platforms like Twitch exert additional pressures on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Prarabdh Shukla , Wei Yin Chong , Yash Patel , Brennan Schaffner , Danish Pruthi , Arjun Bhagoji

Content moderation is a central mechanism through which platforms attempt to balance user engagement with community governance. Yet existing research has largely treated moderation as a uniform intervention, overlooking how moderator…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Siyi Zhou , Lindsay Young , Marlon Twyman , Emilio Ferrara

Citizen-generated counter speech is a promising way to fight hate speech and promote peaceful, non-polarized discourse. However, there is a lack of large-scale longitudinal studies of its effectiveness for reducing hate speech. To this end,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Joshua Garland , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Jean-Gabriel Young , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Mirta Galesic

The proliferation of harmful and offensive content is a problem that many online platforms face today. One of the most common approaches for moderating offensive content online is via the identification and removal after it has been posted,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Matthew Katsaros , Kathy Yang , Lauren Fratamico

Hate speech remains a pressing challenge on social media, where platform moderation often fails to protect targeted users. Personal moderation tools that let users decide how content is filtered can address some of these shortcomings.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anna Ricarda Luther , Hendrik Heuer , Stephanie Geise , Sebastian Haunss , Andreas Breiter

Since the proliferation of social media usage, hate speech has become a major crisis. Hateful content can spread quickly and create an environment of distress and hostility. Further, what can be considered hateful is contextual and varies…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Tanmoy Chakraborty , Sarah Masud

Extensive efforts in automated approaches for content moderation have been focused on developing models to identify toxic, offensive, and hateful content with the aim of lightening the load for moderators. Yet, it remains uncertain whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yang Trista Cao , Lovely-Frances Domingo , Sarah Ann Gilbert , Michelle Mazurek , Katie Shilton , Hal Daumé

Recently, social media platforms are heavily moderated to prevent the spread of online hate speech, which is usually fertile in toxic words and is directed toward an individual or a community. Owing to such heavy moderation, newer and more…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Punyajoy Saha , Kiran Garimella , Narla Komal Kalyan , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Pauras Mangesh Meher , Binny Mathew , Animesh Mukherjee