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In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Chang Hu

We present a new on-shell recursion relation for scattering amplitudes involving Nambu-Goldstone bosons with a gauged unbroken symmetry. A central challenge is that gauge interactions break Adler's zero condition for charged scalars,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-14 Ian Low , Ming-Lei Xiao , Yu-Hui Zheng

We investigate the soft decomposition of tree-level gluon amplitudes with split-helicity configurations. First, we show how any split-helicity amplitude can be fully fixed from inverse soft limit using BCFW calculation. We show how the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-09 Andriniaina Narindra Rasoanaivo , Fanomezantsoa Arlivah Andriantsarafara

Tree level multi-trace Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes have been shown to satisfy a recursive expansion formula, which expresses any YMS amplitude by those with fewer gluons and/or scalar traces. In an earlier work, the single-trace…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Yi-Jian Du , Kang Zhou

It is well known that gravity amplitudes in four dimensions can be reconstructed by the inverse soft limit (ISL) method. According to ISL, a tree level $n$-graviton maximally-helicity-violating (MHV) amplitude is expressed in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-14 Shiquan Ma , Rongyu Dong , Yi-Jian Du

We study in detail the general structure and further properties of the tree-level amplitudes in the SU(N) nonlinear sigma model. We construct the flavor-ordered Feynman rules for various parameterizations of the SU(N) fields U(x), write…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Jaroslav Trnka

We provide a new derivation of the fundamental BCJ relation among double color ordered tree amplitudes of bi-adjoint scalar theory, based on the leading soft theorem for external scalars. Then, we generalize the fundamental BCJ relation to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Fang-Stars Wei , Kang Zhou

It was proposed in hep-th/0403047 that all tree amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory can be constructed from known MHV amplitudes. We apply this approach for calculating tree amplitudes of gauge fields and fermions and find agreement with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 George Georgiou , Valentin V. Khoze

We investigate the soft behaviour of scalar effective field theories (EFTs) when there is a number of distinct derivative power counting parameters, $\rho_1< \rho_2<\ldots < \rho_Q$. We clarify the notion of an enhanced soft limit and use…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-26 Antonio Padilla , David Stefanyszyn , Toby Wilson

The soft bootstrap program aims to construct consistent effective field theories (EFT's) by recursively imposing the desired soft limit on tree-level scattering amplitudes through on-shell recursion relations. A prime example is the leading…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-28 Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

We show both the leading and subleading double soft theorems of the nonlinear sigma model follow from a shift symmetry enforcing Adler's zero condition in the presence of an unbroken global symmetry. They do not depend on the underlying…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-02 Ian Low

In this letter, we discuss a generalization of the Adler zero to loop integrands in the planar limit of the $SU(N)$ non-linear sigma model (NLSM). While possible to maintain at one-loop, the Adler zero for integrands is violated starting at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-10 Christoph Bartsch , Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Jaroslav Trnka

We use the amplitude soft bootstrap method to explore the space of effective field theories (EFT) of massless vectors and scalars. It is known that demanding vanishing soft limits fixes uniquely a special class of EFTs: non-linear sigma…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-04 Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Filip Preucil , Jaroslav Trnka

We compute the leading double-soft behavior for gluons and for the scalars obtained by dimensional reduction of a higher dimensional pure gauge theory, from the scattering amplitudes of gluons and scalars living in the world-volume of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Paolo Di Vecchia , Raffaele Marotta , Matin Mojaza

Soft theorems describe the behavior of scattering amplitudes when one or several external particles are taken to be energetically soft. In tree-level gravity there are universal soft theorems for the three leading orders in the soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-24 Eivind Jørstad , Sruthi A. Narayanan

Recently, it has been shown that on-shell scattering amplitudes can be constructed by the Feynman-tree theorem combined with the BCFW recursion relations. Since the BCFW relations are restricted to tree diagrams, the preceding application…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-20 Markos Maniatis

Scattering amplitudes for the simplest theory of colored scalar particles - the Tr($\Phi^3$) theory - have recently been the subject of active investigations. In this letter we describe an unanticipated wider implication of this work: the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-31 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Carolina Figueiredo , Song He

A surprising connection has recently been made between the amplitudes for Tr($\Phi^3$) theory and the non-linear sigma model (NLSM). A simple shift of kinematic variables naturally suggested by the associahedron/stringy representation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-11 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Carolina Figueiredo

We study the soft limit of a recently proposed generalization of the biadjoint scalar amplitudes $m^{(k)}_{n}$, which have been conjectured to have a relation to the tropical Grassmannian $\text{Tr G}(k,n)$. Using the CHY formulation along…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-13 Diego García Sepúlveda , Alfredo Guevara

In this paper, we have introduced a fundamentally different approach, based on a bottom-up methodology, to expand tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes into Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes and Bi-adjoint-scalar (BAS) amplitudes. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Chang Hu , Kang Zhou