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Considering the rise of cyberattacks incidents worldwide, the need to ensure stronger passwords is necessary. Developing a password strength meter (PSM) can help users create stronger passwords when creating an account on an online…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nikitha M. Palaniappan , Ying He

Researchers have extensively explored how password creation policies influence the security and usability of user-chosen passwords, producing evidence-based policy guidelines. However, for web authentication to improve in practice, websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Suood Alroomi , Frank Li

System passwords serve as critical credentials for user authentication and access control when logging into operating systems or applications. Upon entering a valid password, users pass verification to access system resources and execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chaofang Shi , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Passwords remain the primary authentication method, yet user-created passwords are often the weakest due to the security-usability trade-off. Although AI-based password generators are emerging, little is known about their effectiveness and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Duru Paker , Suleyman Ozdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

The security of passwords depends on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Fangyi Yu , Miguel Vargas Martin

Password authentication is a very important system security procedure to gain access to user resources. In the Traditional password authentication methods a server has check the authenticity of the users. In our proposed method users can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-12-13 A. S. N. Chakravarthy , Penmetsa V. Krishna Raja , Prof. P. S. Avadhani

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released new guidelines in June of 2017 that recommended new standards for managing and accepting user passwords. Among the new guidelines is a requirement that verifiers should…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-09 JV Roig

Security questions are one of the mechanisms used to recover passwords. Strong answers to security questions (i.e. high entropy) are hard for attackers to guess or obtain using social engineering techniques (e.g. monitoring of social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Nicholas Micallef , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Passwords are widely used for user authentication and, despite their weaknesses, will likely remain in use in the foreseeable future. Human-generated passwords typically have a rich structure, which makes them susceptible to guessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-04-25 Claude Castelluccia , Abdelberi Chaabane , Markus Dürmuth , Daniele Perito

Strong passwords are fundamental to the security of password-based user authentication systems. In recent years, much effort has been made to evaluate password strength or to generate strong passwords. Unfortunately, the usability or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yao Cheng , Chang Xu , Zhen Hai , Yingjiu Li

Password security plays a crucial role in cybersecurity, yet traditional password strength meters, which rely on static rules like character-type requirements, often fail. Such methods are easily bypassed by common password patterns (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Muhammed El Mustaqeem Mazelan , Noor Hazlina Abdul , Nouar AlDahoul

Passwords should be easy to remember, yet expiration policies mandate their frequent change. Caught in the crossfire between these conflicting requirements, users often adopt creative methods to perform slight variations over time. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Davide Berardi , Franco Callegati , Andrea Melis , Marco Prandini

Password managers encourage users to generate passwords to improve their security. However, research has shown that users avoid generating passwords, often giving the rationale that it is difficult to enter generated passwords on devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-06 John Sadik , Scott Ruoti

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Theodosis Mourouzis , Kyriacos E. Pavlou , Stylianos Kampakis

Efficient password cracking is a critical aspect of digital forensics, enabling investigators to decrypt protected content during criminal investigations. Traditional password cracking methods, including brute-force, dictionary and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Mohamad Hachem , Adam Lanfranchi , Nathan Clarke , Joakim Kavrestad

Although passwords remain the primary defense against unauthorized access, users often tend to use passwords that are easy to remember. This behavior significantly increases security risks, also due to the fact that traditional password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Maurizio Atzori , Eleonora Calò , Loredana Caruccio , Stefano Cirillo , Giuseppe Polese , Giandomenico Solimando

Usable and secure authentication on the web and beyond is mission-critical. While password-based authentication is still widespread, users have trouble dealing with potentially hundreds of online accounts and their passwords. Alternatives…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jan H. Klemmer , Marco Gutfleisch , Christian Stransky , Yasemin Acar , M. Angela Sasse , Sascha Fahl

While password managers are a vital tool for internet security, they can also create a massive central point of failure, as evidenced by several major recent data breaches. For over 20 years, deterministic password generators (DPGs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Vivek Nair , Dawn Song

The security of passwords is dependent on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Fangyi Yu

Many computer-based authentication schemata are based on pass- words. Logging on a computer, reading email, accessing content on a web server are all examples of applications where the identification of the user is usually accomplished…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michele Finelli