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Diffusion models emerged as a leading approach in text-to-image generation, producing high-quality images from textual descriptions. However, attempting to achieve detailed control to get a desired image solely through text remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Pablo Domingo-Gregorio , Javier Ruiz-Hidalgo

Deploying natural language generation systems in clinical settings remains challenging despite advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), which continue to exhibit hallucinations and factual inconsistencies, necessitating human oversight.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Osman Alperen Koraş , Rabi Bahnan , Jens Kleesiek , Amin Dada

The emergence of the Large Language Model (LLM) has shown their superiority in a wide range of disciplines, including language understanding and translation, relational logic reasoning, and even partial differential equations solving. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Huiwen Wu , Deyi Zhang , Xiaohan Li , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

A major challenge for the operation of large language models (LLMs) is how to predict whether a specific LLM will produce sufficiently high-quality output for a given query. Existing approaches rely on external classifiers, most commonly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hossein Hosseini Kasnavieh , Gholamreza Haffari , Chris Leckie , Adel N. Toosi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in general scenarios. Instruction finetuning empowers them to align with humans in various tasks. Nevertheless, the Diversity and Quality of the instruction data remain two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyuan Pan , Luyang Huang , Liyan Kang , Zhicheng Liu , Yu Lu , Shanbo Cheng

Recent advancements in prompting techniques for Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved their reasoning, planning, and action abilities. This paper examines these prompting techniques through the lens of model predictive control (MPC).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Gabriel Maher

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

This paper investigates controllable generation for large language models (LLMs) with prompt-based control, focusing on Lexically Constrained Generation (LCG). We systematically evaluate the performance of LLMs on satisfying lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bingxuan Li , Yiwei Wang , Tao Meng , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) offer a compelling paradigm for natural language generation, leveraging parallel decoding and bidirectional attention to achieve superior global coherence compared to autoregressive models. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhongyu Xiao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Yong Luo , Jia Liu , Jie Xu , Han Hu

Large language models (LLMs) generate fluent and complex outputs but often fail to recognize their own mistakes and hallucinations. Existing approaches typically rely on external judges, multi-sample consistency, or text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Amirhosein Ghasemabadi , Di Niu

Reducing the likelihood of generating harmful and toxic output is an essential task when aligning large language models (LLMs). Existing methods mainly rely on training an external reward model (i.e., another language model) or fine-tuning…

Reflection, the ability of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate and revise their own reasoning, has been widely used to improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, most prior works emphasizes designing reflective prompting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Ting Lee , Pei-Yuan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, where instruction tuning is the critical step in aligning LLMs with user intentions. In this work, we investigate how the instruction tuning adjusts pre-trained models with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xuansheng Wu , Wenlin Yao , Jianshu Chen , Xiaoman Pan , Xiaoyang Wang , Ninghao Liu , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) often develop learned mechanisms specialized to specific datasets, such as reliance on domain-specific correlations, which yield high-confidence predictions without generalizable reasoning. While beneficial in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ameen Ali , Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf , Ivan Titov

Long prompt leads to huge hardware costs when using transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs). Unfortunately, many tasks, such as summarization, inevitably introduce long documents, and the wide application of in-context learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jun Gao , Ziqiang Cao , Wenjie Li

In a controllable text generation dataset, there exist unannotated attributes that could provide irrelevant learning signals to models that use it for training and thus degrade their performance. We propose focused prefix tuning(FPT) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Congda Ma , Tianyu Zhao , Makoto Shing , Kei Sawada , Manabu Okumura

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as science, law, and healthcare, where accurate expressions of uncertainty are essential for reliability and trust. However, current LLMs are often observed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yibo Li , Miao Xiong , Jiaying Wu , Bryan Hooi

Integrating large language models (LLMs) in autonomous vehicles enables conversation with AI systems to drive the vehicle. However, it also emphasizes the requirement for such systems to comprehend commands accurately and achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Can Cui , Zichong Yang , Yupeng Zhou , Yunsheng Ma , Juanwu Lu , Lingxi Li , Yaobin Chen , Jitesh Panchal , Ziran Wang

Strategic planning is critical for multi-step reasoning, yet compact Large Language Models (LLMs) often lack the capacity to formulate global strategies, leading to error propagation in long-horizon tasks. Our analysis reveals that LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoyu Zheng , Yun Zhu , Yuqian Yuan , Bo Yuan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Jun Xiao

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji
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