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Polar codes are the first class of channel codes achieving the symmetric capacity of the binary-input discrete memoryless channels with efficient encoding and decoding algorithms. But the weight spectrum of Polar codes is relatively poor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yuan Li , Huazi Zhang , Rong Li , Jun Wang , Guiying Yan , Zhiming Ma

Polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes are special concatenated codes in which we employ a one-to-one convolutional transform as a pre-coding step before the polar transform. In this scheme, the polar transform (as a mapper) and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Mohammad Rowshan , Emanuele Viterbo

Pre-transformed polar codes (PTPCs) form a class of codes that perform close to the finite-length capacity bounds. The minimum distance and the number of minimum weight codewords are two decisive properties for their performance. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Andreas Zunker , Marvin Geiselhart , Stephan ten Brink

The polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes concatenate the polar transform and the convolutional transform to improve the decoding performance of the finite-length polar codes, where the rate-profile is used to construct the PAC…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-09 He Sun , Emanuele Viterbo , Rongke Liu

In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning based algorithm for rate-profile construction of Arikan's Polarization Assisted Convolutional (PAC) codes. This method can be used for any blocklength, rate, list size under successive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Samir Kumar Mishra , Digvijay Katyal , Sarvesha Anegundi Ganapathi

Polar codes asymptotically achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels, yet their error-correcting performance under successive-cancellation (SC) decoding for short and moderate length codes is worse than that of other modern…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Gabi Sarkis , Pascal Giard , Alexander Vardy , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

Recently, a novel variation of polar codes known as polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes has been introduced by Ar{\i}kan. These codes significantly outperform conventional polar and convolutional codes, particularly for short…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Mohsen Moradi , Hessam Mahdavifar

Polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes, as a concatenated coding scheme based on polar codes, is able to approach the finite-length bound of binary-input AWGN channel at short blocklengths. In this paper, we extend PAC codes to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Mengfan Zheng , Cong Ling

Deep polar codes, employing multi-layered polar kernel pre-transforms in series, are recently introduced variants of pre-transformed polar codes. These codes have demonstrated the ability to reduce the number of minimum weight codewords,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Geon Choi , Namyoon Lee

Despite the extreme error-correction performance, the amount of computation of sequential decoding of the polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes is random. In sequential decoding of convolutional codes, the computational cutoff…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Mohsen Moradi

Polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes can approach the theoretical bound for block error rate (BLER) performance at short-to-medium codeword length. PAC codes have excellent BLER performance using Monte Carlo (MC) rate-profiles…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Shirong Jiang , Jiahao Wang , Chunfang Xia , Xiang Li

Polar codes are constructed based on the reliability of sub-channels resulting from the polarization effect. However, this information-theoretic construction approach leads to a poor weight distribution. To address this issue,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mohammad Rowshan , Vlad-Florin Dragoi

Source polar coding is a potential solution for short blocklength-based low-latency key generation with limited sources, which is a critical aspect of six generation (6G) Internet of things. However, existing source coding schemes still…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Lulu Song , Di Zhang , Tingting Zhang

In this paper, we introduce a novel rate-profile design based on search-constrained optimization techniques to assess the performance of polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes under Fano (sequential) decoding. The results…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mohsen Moradi , David G. M. Mitchell

This paper proposes the design of polar and convolutional coset codes for the unequal message protection (UMP) in the short blocklength regime, to overcome the rate loss introduced by preamble-based solutions. After providing conditions to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alexander Sauter , Riccardo Schiavone , Lucía Balsa Picado , Gianluigi Liva

In the short block length regime, pre-transformed polar codes together with successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding possess excellent error correction capabilities. However, in practice, the list size is limited due to the suboptimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Henning Lulei , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Marvin Rübenacke , Holger Jäkel , Stephan ten Brink , Laurent Schmalen

Message-passing iterative decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) block codes are known to be subject to decoding failures due to so-called pseudo-codewords. These failures can cause the large signal-to-noise ratio performance of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Roxana Smarandache , Ali E. Pusane , Pascal O. Vontobel , Daniel J. Costello

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of pre-transformed polar codes, termed as deep polar codes. We first present a deep polar encoder that harnesses a series of multi-layered polar transformations with varying sizes. Our approach to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Geon Choi , Namyoon Lee

A reduced complexity sequential decoding algorithm for polar (sub)codes is described. The proposed approach relies on a decomposition of the polar (sub)code being decoded into a number of outer codes, and on-demand construction of codewords…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Grigorii Trofimiuk , Nikolay Iakuba , Stanislav Rets , Kirill Ivanov , Peter Trifonov

The weight spectrum plays a crucial role in the performance of error-correcting codes. Despite substantial theoretical exploration of polar codes with mother code length, a framework for the weight spectrum of rate-compatible polar codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zicheng Ye , Yuan Li , Zhichao Liu , Huazi Zhang , Jun Wang , Guiying Yan , Zhiming Ma