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Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) interacts with users through natural language to understand their preferences and provide personalized recommendations in real-time. CRS has demonstrated significant potential, prompting researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is crucial for Recommendation System(RS), aiming to provide personalized recommendation services for users in many aspects such as food delivery, e-commerce and so on. However, traditional RS relies on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Zhizhong Wan , Bin Yin , Junjie Xie , Fei Jiang , Xiang Li , Wei Lin

Sequential recommender systems (SRS) aim to predict users' subsequent choices based on their historical interactions and have found applications in diverse fields such as e-commerce and social media. However, in real-world systems, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qidong Liu , Xian Wu , Yejing Wang , Zijian Zhang , Feng Tian , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

Persuasion dialogue systems reflect the machine's ability to make strategic moves beyond verbal communication, and therefore differentiate themselves from task-oriented or open-domain dialogue systems and have their own unique values.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Weiyan Shi , Yu Li , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

Reinforcement learning serves as a potent tool for modeling dynamic user interests within recommender systems, garnering increasing research attention of late. However, a significant drawback persists: its poor data efficiency, stemming…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Xiaocong Chen , Siyu Wang , Julian McAuley , Dietmar Jannach , Lina Yao

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Distilling the tool-using capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient small language models (SLMs) is a key challenge for their practical application. The predominant approach, supervised fine-tuning (SFT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 ChangSu Choi , Hoyun Song , Dongyeon Kim , WooHyeon Jung , Minkyung Cho , Sunjin Park , NohHyeob Bae , Seona Yu , KyungTae Lim

In recent years, training methods centered on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have markedly enhanced the reasoning and alignment performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in understanding human intents, following user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Keliang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Ziyun Qian , Weijie Yin , Yuchi Wang , Hongsheng Li , Jun Liu , Peng Zhai , Yang Liu , Lihua Zhang

Recommender systems are widely used in online services, with embedding-based models being particularly popular due to their expressiveness in representing complex signals. However, these models often function as a black box, making them…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yuxuan Lei , Jianxun Lian , Jing Yao , Xu Huang , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

Conducting reinforcement learning (RL) in simulated environments offers a cost-effective and highly scalable way to enhance language-based agents. However, previous work has been limited to semi-automated environment synthesis or tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shihao Cai , Runnan Fang , Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Liangcai Su , Liwen Zhang , Wenbiao Yin , Zhen Zhang , Fuli Feng , Pengjun Xie , Xiaobin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning, generalization, and simulating human-like behavior across a wide range of tasks. These strengths present new opportunities to enhance traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Nachiket Subbaraman , Jaskinder Sarai , Aniruddh Nath , Lichan Hong , Lukasz Heldt , Li Wei , Zhe Zhao

An ultimate goal of recommender systems (RS) is to improve user engagement. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising paradigm for this goal, as it directly optimizes overall performance of sequential recommendation. However, many existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Guoxi Zhang , Xing Yao , Xuanji Xiao

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) often confronts challenges stemming from the heavy reliance on human annotators in the reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) framework, or the frequent and costly external queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu , Alois Knoll , Ming Jin

Sparse reward environments in reinforcement learning (RL) pose significant challenges for exploration, often leading to inefficient or incomplete learning processes. To tackle this issue, this work proposes a teacher-student RL framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Unai Ruiz-Gonzalez , Alain Andres , Pedro G. Bascoy , Javier Del Ser

Large language models are increasingly used for complex reasoning tasks where high-quality offline data such as expert-annotated solutions and distilled reasoning traces are often available. However, in environments with sparse rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yihao Liu , Shuocheng Li , Lang Cao , Yuhang Xie , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Xiaojun Ma , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Large scale recommender models find most relevant items from huge catalogs, and they play a critical role in modern search and recommendation systems. To model the input space with large-vocab categorical features, a typical recommender…

Recommender systems play a crucial role in tackling the challenge of information overload by delivering personalized recommendations based on individual user preferences. Deep learning techniques, such as RNNs, GNNs, and Transformer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xubin Ren , Wei Wei , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han
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