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We propose and analyze a new data-driven trade-off (TRO) approach for modeling uncertainty that serves as a middle ground between the optimistic approach, which adopts a distributional belief, and the pessimistic distributionally robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Man Yiu Tsang , Karmel S. Shehadeh

Strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments, and more recently from population surveys, shows that individuals, when evaluating their situations, pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses, with losses weighing more…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-17 Martyna Kobus , Radosław Kurek , Thomas Parker

Interest in how democracies form consensus has increased recently, with statistical physics and economics approaches both suggesting that there is convergence to a fixed point in belief networks, but with fluctuations in opinions when there…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Emily Dong , Sarah Marzen

We show in a simulation when economic agents are subject to evolution (random change and selection based on the success in the estimation of the result of the gamble) they acquire risk aversive behavior. This behavior appears in the form of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-07 Ihor Kendiukhov

Can stated preferences inform counterfactual analyses of actual choice? This research proposes a novel approach to researchers who have access to both stated choices in hypothetical scenarios and actual choices, matched or unmatched. The…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-18 Romuald Meango , Marc Henry , Ismael Mourifie

Faithfulness evaluators based on large language models (LLMs) are often fooled by the fluency of the text and struggle with identifying errors in the summaries. We propose an approach to summary faithfulness evaluation in which multiple…

We consider the problem of belief aggregation: given a group of individual agents with probabilistic beliefs over a set of uncertain events, formulate a sensible consensus or aggregate probability distribution over these events. Researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 David M. Pennock , Michael P. Wellman

A framework for consensus modelling is introduced using Kleene's three valued logic as a means to express vagueness in agents' beliefs. Explicitly borderline cases are inherent to propositions involving vague concepts where sentences of a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-01-15 Michael Crosscombe , Jonathan Lawry

We provide a unifying way to analyze how risk aversion changes bidding in auctions by asking which bids become more attractive as bidders become more risk averse. In first-price auctions, under two payoff conditions--winning is never worse…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-11 Marilyn Pease , Mark Whitmeyer

We consider a hidden-action principal-agent model, in which actions require different amounts of effort, and the agent privately knows his ability that determines his cost of effort. We show that linear contracts admit approximation…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Tal Alon , Paul Dütting , Yingkai Li , Inbal Talgam-Cohen

Language is a popular resource to mine speakers' attitude bias, supposing that speakers' statements represent their bias on concepts. However, psychology studies show that people's explicit bias in statements can be different from their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Bo Wang , Baixiang Xue , Anthony G. Greenwald

Barseghyan and Molinari (2023) give sufficient conditions for semi-nonparametric point identification of parameters of interest in a mixture model of decision-making under risk, allowing for unobserved heterogeneity in utility functions and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-19 Matias D. Cattaneo , Xinwei Ma , Yusufcan Masatlioglu

Decision makers sometimes cannot observe the consequences of their actions ex-post. This paper axiomatically characterizes a decision model in which the decision maker cares about verifying that a good consequence has been achieved.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Hendrik Rommeswinkel

We study the revenue comparison problem of auctions when the seller has a maxmin expected utility preference. The seller holds a set of priors around some reference belief, interpreted as an approximating model of the true probability law…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-11-24 Sosung Baik , Sung-Ha Hwang

Policy learning algorithms are widely used in areas such as personalized medicine and advertising to develop individualized treatment regimes. However, most methods force a decision even when predictions are uncertain, which is risky in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ayush Sawarni , Jikai Jin , Justin Whitehouse , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Natural and artificial collectives exhibit heterogeneities across different dimensions, contributing to the complexity of their behavior. We investigate the effect of two such heterogeneities on collective opinion dynamics: heterogeneity of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-07 Vito Mengers , Mohsen Raoufi , Oliver Brock , Heiko Hamann , Pawel Romanczuk

In this paper we investigate a model (based on the idea of the outflow dynamics), in which only conformity and anticonformity can lead to the opinion change. We show that for low level of aniconformity the consensus is still reachable but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-14 Grzegorz Kondrat , Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron

We propose a decision-analytical approach to comparing the flexibility of decision situations from the perspective of a decision-maker who exhibits constant risk-aversion over a monetary value model. Our approach is simple yet seems to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Ross D. Shachter , Marvin Mandelbaum

We extend our previous work on sensitivity analysis for the risk ratio and difference contrasts under unmeasured confounding to any contrast. We prove that the bounds produced are still arbitrarily sharp, i.e. practically attainable. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-13 Jose M. Peña

This paper studies sequential information acquisition by an ambiguity-averse decision maker (DM), who decides how long to collect information before taking an irreversible action. The agent optimizes against the worst-case belief and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-10-06 Sarah Auster , Yeon-Koo Che , Konrad Mierendorff