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The need for reliable model explanations is prominent for many machine learning applications, particularly for tabular and time-series data as their use cases often involve high-stakes decision making. Towards this goal, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Sercan Ö. Arik , Jinsung Yoon , Ankur Taly , Soheil Feizi , Tomas Pfister

With the increased deployment of machine learning models in various real-world applications, researchers and practitioners alike have emphasized the need for explanations of model behaviour. To this end, two broad strategies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Usha Bhalla , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju

We propose Black Box Explanations through Transparent Approximations (BETA), a novel model agnostic framework for explaining the behavior of any black-box classifier by simultaneously optimizing for fidelity to the original model and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Ece Kamar , Rich Caruana , Jure Leskovec

We discover a theoretical connection between explanation estimation and distribution compression that significantly improves the approximation of feature attributions, importance, and effects. While the exact computation of various machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hubert Baniecki , Giuseppe Casalicchio , Bernd Bischl , Przemyslaw Biecek

Deep neural networks exhibit remarkable performance, yet their black-box nature limits their utility in fields like healthcare where interpretability is crucial. Existing explainability approaches often sacrifice accuracy and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Linhui Huang , Sayeri Lala , Niraj K. Jha

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Estimating an individual treatment effect (ITE) is essential to personalized decision making. However, existing methods for estimating the ITE often rely on unconfoundedness, an assumption that is fundamentally untestable with observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-13 Mingzhang Yin , Claudia Shi , Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

For many use-cases, it is often important to explain the prediction of a black-box model by identifying the most influential training data samples. Existing approaches lack customization for user intent and often provide a homogeneous set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Ikhtiyor Nematov , Dimitris Sacharidis , Tomer Sagi , Katja Hose

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) aim to optimize healthcare by tailoring treatment decisions to patient-specific characteristics. Existing methods typically rely on either interpretable but inflexible models or highly flexible…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-13 Yasin Khadem Charvadeh , Katherine S. Panageas , Yuan Chen

Recent methodological developments have introduced new black-box approaches to better estimate heterogeneous treatment effects; however, these methods fall short of providing interpretable characterizations of the underlying individuals who…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-19 Melody Huang , Tiffany M. Tang , Ana M. Kenney

Model interpretability plays a central role in human-AI decision-making systems. Ideally, explanations should be expressed using human-interpretable semantic concepts. Moreover, the causal relations between these concepts should be captured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Ricardo Moreira , Jacopo Bono , Mário Cardoso , Pedro Saleiro , Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Pedro Bizarro

Interpretability and transparency are essential for incorporating causal effect models from observational data into policy decision-making. They can provide trust for the model in the absence of ground truth labels to evaluate the accuracy…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-01 Lucile Ter-Minassian , Liran Szlak , Ehud Karavani , Chris Holmes , Yishai Shimoni

Methods for interpreting machine learning black-box models increase the outcomes' transparency and in turn generates insight into the reliability and fairness of the algorithms. However, the interpretations themselves could contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Yujia Zhang , Kuangyan Song , Yiming Sun , Sarah Tan , Madeleine Udell

Understanding the decisions made by deep neural networks is essential in high-stakes domains such as medical imaging and autonomous driving. Yet, these models often lack transparency, particularly in computer vision.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Viktar Dubovik , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Dawid Rymarczyk

The ability for a human to understand an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model's decision-making process is critical in enabling stakeholders to visualize model behavior, perform model debugging, promote trust in AI models, and assist in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Yiwei Lyu , Paul Pu Liang , Zihao Deng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency

We propose a model-free framework for sensitivity analysis of individual treatment effects (ITEs), building upon ideas from conformal inference. For any unit, our procedure reports the $\Gamma$-value, a number which quantifies the minimum…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-26 Ying Jin , Zhimei Ren , Emmanuel J. Candès

Despite their high predictive accuracies, current machine learning systems often exhibit systematic biases stemming from annotation artifacts or insufficient support for certain classes in the dataset. Recent work proposes automatic methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rakesh R. Menon , Shashank Srivastava

High-stakes applications require AI-generated models to be interpretable. Current algorithms for the synthesis of potentially interpretable models rely on objectives or regularization terms that represent interpretability only coarsely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Marco Virgolin , Andrea De Lorenzo , Francesca Randone , Eric Medvet , Mattias Wahde

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

Causal Inference has wide applications in various areas such as E-commerce and precision medicine, and its performance heavily relies on the accurate estimation of the Individual Treatment Effect (ITE). Conventionally, ITE is predicted by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Kailiang Zhong , Fengtong Xiao , Yan Ren , Yaorong Liang , Wenqing Yao , Xiaofeng Yang , Ling Cen
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