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Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (SimulS2S) is essential for real-time multilingual communication, with increasing integration into meeting and streaming platforms. Despite this, SimulS2S remains underexplored in research, where…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Amirbek Djanibekov , Luisa Bentivogli , Matteo Negri , Sara Papi

We investigate the problem of simultaneous machine translation of long-form speech content. We target a continuous speech-to-text scenario, generating translated captions for a live audio feed, such as a lecture or play-by-play commentary.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Naveen Arivazhagan , Colin Cherry , Te I , Wolfgang Macherey , Pallavi Baljekar , George Foster

Simultaneous translation on both text and speech focuses on a real-time and low-latency scenario where the model starts translating before reading the complete source input. Evaluating simultaneous translation models is more complex than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xutai Ma , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Changhan Wang , Jiatao Gu , Juan Pino

Simultaneous Speech Translation (SimulST) enables real-time cross-lingual communication by jointly optimizing speech recognition and machine translation under strict latency constraints. Existing systems struggle to balance translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Chenyang Le , Bing Han , Jinshun Li , Songyong Chen , Yanmin Qian

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation (Simul-S2TT) aims to translate speech into target text in real time, outputting translations while receiving source speech input, rather than waiting for the entire utterance to be spoken. Simul-S2TT…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Pei Zhang , Yiming Wang , Jialong Tang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang , Derek F. Wong , Fei Huang

Simultaneous translation (ST) outputs translation while receiving the source inputs, and hence requires a policy to determine whether to translate a target token or wait for the next source token. The major challenge of ST is that each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on speech translation tasks. However, the model architecture is not efficient enough for streaming scenarios since self-attention is computed over an entire input sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xutai Ma , Yongqiang Wang , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Philipp Koehn , Juan Pino

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation is widely useful in many scenarios. The conventional cascaded approach uses a pipeline of streaming ASR followed by simultaneous MT, but suffers from error propagation and extra latency. To alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Junkun Chen , Mingbo Ma , Renjie Zheng , Liang Huang

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is a challenging task aiming to translate streaming speech before the complete input is observed. A SimulST system generally includes two components: the pre-decision that aggregates the speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Chih-Chiang Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Simultaneous Machine Translation is the task of incrementally translating an input sentence before it is fully available. Currently, simultaneous translation is carried out by translating each sentence independently of the previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Javier Iranzo-Sánchez , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan

Recent work in speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has focused primarily on offline settings, where the full input utterance is available before any output is given. This, however, is not reasonable in many real-world scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Liam Dugan , Anshul Wadhawan , Kyle Spence , Chris Callison-Burch , Morgan McGuire , Victor Zordan

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation is widely useful but extremely challenging, since it needs to generate target-language speech concurrently with the source-language speech, with only a few seconds delay. In addition, it needs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Renjie Zheng , Mingbo Ma , Baigong Zheng , Kaibo Liu , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) converts input speech to speech in another language. A challenge of delivering S2ST in real time is the accumulated delay between the translation and speech synthesis modules. While recently incremental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Danni Liu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong , Xutai Ma , Yun Tang , Juan Pino

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters and pretrained on massive amounts of data are now capable of near or better than state-of-the-art performance in a variety of downstream natural language processing tasks. Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Victor Agostinelli , Max Wild , Matthew Raffel , Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

The ultimate goal of expressive speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is to accurately translate spoken content while preserving the speaker identity and emotional style. However, progress in this field is largely hindered by three key…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sitong Cheng , Weizhen Bian , Xinsheng Wang , Ruibin Yuan , Jianyi Chen , Shunshun Yin , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

The challenge of low-latency speech translation has recently draw significant interest in the research community as shown by several publications and shared tasks. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate these different approaches in…

Speech-to-Speech Translation (S2ST) models transform speech from one language to another target language with the same linguistic information. S2ST is important for bridging the communication gap among communities and has diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Mahendra Gupta , Maitreyee Dutta , Chandresh Kumar Maurya

Simultaneous translation systems start producing the output while processing the partial source sentence in the incoming input stream. These systems need to decide when to read more input and when to write the output. These decisions depend…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Mohd Abbas Zaidi , Beomseok Lee , Sangha Kim , Chanwoo Kim

Given the great success of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, in this paper, we introduce LLM-ST, a novel and effective speech translation model constructed upon a pre-trained LLM. By integrating the large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Zhichao Huang , Rong Ye , Tom Ko , Qianqian Dong , Shanbo Cheng , Mingxuan Wang , Hang Li

How to find proper moments to generate partial sentence translation given a streaming speech input? Existing approaches waiting-and-translating for a fixed duration often break the acoustic units in speech, since the boundaries between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Qianqian Dong , Yaoming Zhu , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li