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As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, understanding their cooperation and social mechanisms is becoming increasingly important. In particular, how LLMs balance self-interest and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 David Guzman Piedrahita , Yongjin Yang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Giorgia Ramponi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in multi-agent scenarios where coordination is crucial but not always assured. Research shows that the way strategic scenarios are framed linguistically can affect…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

This research explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to utilize psychometric values, specifically personality information, within the context of video game character development. Affective Computing (AC) systems quantify a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Lawrence J. Klinkert , Stephanie Buongiorno , Corey Clark

Workshop courses designed to foster creativity are gaining popularity. However, even experienced faculty teams find it challenging to realize a holistic evaluation that accommodates diverse perspectives. Adequate deliberation is essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Toru Ishida , Tongxi Liu , Hailong Wang , William K. Cheunga

This paper examines the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) from a novel perspective, focusing on their ability to operate within formally specified, rule-governed environments. We evaluate four LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maciej Świechowski , Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

Free play is a fundamental aspect of early childhood education, supporting children's cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development. However, assessing children's development during free play poses significant challenges due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Yuanyuan Yang , Yuan Shen , Tianchen Sun , Yangbin Xie

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as autonomous agents across various tasks. One emerging application is the use of LLMs in playing games. In this work, we explore a practical problem for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Chang Xiao , Brenda Z. Yang

We examine three evaluation paradigms: standard benchmarks (e.g., MMLU and BBH), interactive games (e.g., Signalling Games or Taboo), and cognitive tests (e.g., for working memory or theory of mind). First, we investigate which of the…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as agents in strategic decision environments, yet their behavior in structured geopolitical simulations remains under-researched. We evaluate six popular state-of-the-art LLMs alongside…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Veronika Solopova , Viktoria Skorik , Maksym Tereshchenko , Alina Haidun , Ostap Vykhopen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents, where success depends on their ability to generate accurate function calls under realistic, multilingual conditions. However, existing agent evaluations largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thales Sales Almeida , João Guilherme Alves Santos , Thiago Laitz , Giovana Kerche Bonás

Large language models (LLMs) hold interesting potential for the design, development, and research of video games. Building on the decades of prior research on generative AI in games, many researchers have sped to investigate the power and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Penny Sweetser

As language model (LM) agents become increasingly capable and adopted in real-world applications, there is a growing need for scalable evaluation frameworks beyond costly, manually designed benchmarks. We propose information-theoretic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jinyeop Song , Jeff Gore , Max Kleiman-Weiner

Large language models (LLMs) are effective at answering questions that are clearly asked. However, when faced with ambiguous queries they can act unpredictably and produce incorrect outputs. This underscores the need for the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yizhe Zhang , Jiarui Lu , Navdeep Jaitly

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents capable of acting in open-ended environments, ensuring behavioral alignment with human values becomes a critical safety concern. Existing benchmarks, focused on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weixiang Zhao , Haozhen Li , Yanyan Zhao , xuda zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Recent advancements in natural language processing, particularly with large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, have significantly enhanced dialogue systems, enabling them to generate more natural and fluent conversations. Despite these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyang Qi , Michimasa Inaba

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous decision-makers in strategic settings, yet we have limited tools for understanding their high-level behavioral traits. We use activation steering methods in game-theoretic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Johnathan Sun , Andrew Zhang

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) and autonomous AI agents has raised concerns about their potential for automated persuasion and social influence. While existing research has explored isolated instances of LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mateusz Idziejczak , Vasyl Korzavatykh , Mateusz Stawicki , Andrii Chmutov , Marcin Korcz , Iwo Błądek , Dariusz Brzezinski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral