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How can Large Language Models (LLMs) be aligned with human intentions and values? A typical solution is to gather human preference on model outputs and finetune the LLMs accordingly while ensuring that updates do not deviate too far from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hung Le , Quan Tran , Dung Nguyen , Kien Do , Saloni Mittal , Kelechi Ogueji , Svetha Venkatesh

Multi-Objective Alignment (MOA) aims to align LLMs' responses with multiple human preference objectives, with Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) emerging as a prominent approach. However, we find that DPO-based MOA approaches suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Moxin Li , Yuantao Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Wentao Shi , Zhuo Liu , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

The key to effective alignment lies in high-quality preference data. Recent research has focused on automated alignment, which involves developing alignment systems with minimal human intervention. However, prior research has predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Hao Xiang , Bowen Yu , Hongyu Lin , Keming Lu , Yaojie Lu , Xianpei Han , Ben He , Le Sun , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in advancing natural language processing, yet their potential to perpetuate biases poses significant concerns. This paper introduces a new framework employing Direct Preference Optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Ahmed Allam

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained attention as an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its advantages, DPO suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ruichen Shao , Bei Li , Gangao Liu , Yang Chen , Xiang Zhou , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Peng Li

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences remains a key challenge. While post-training techniques like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have achieved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Minjun Zhu , Hanqi Yan , Qiang Zhang , Yulan He , Wenjie Li , Jun Wang , Yue Zhang , Linyi Yang

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Direct alignment methods are increasingly used for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, these methods suffer from the issues of verbosity and likelihood displacement, which can be driven by the noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Peter Chen , Xi Chen , Wotao Yin , Tianyi Lin

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a key paradigm for aligning policies with human judgments, yet its theoretical behavior in distributed settings where preference data are fragmented across heterogeneous users remains poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhanhong Jiang

Recent alignment methods based on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) reformulate preference learning as supervised optimization over pairwise comparisons, offering improved efficiency and stability over reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuhui Sun , Xiyao Wang , Zixi Li , YiTian Ding , Tianyang Ling , Jialuo Chen , Tianyi Yu , Zhenlong Yuan , Jinman Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing tasks, but their application to machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to pretraining on English-centric data and the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Guofeng Cui , Pichao Wang , Yang Liu , Zemian Ke , Zhu Liu , Vimal Bhat

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is an effective framework for aligning large language models with human preferences, but it struggles with complex reasoning tasks. DPO optimizes for the likelihood of generating preferred over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Darsh Kachroo , Adriana Caraeni , Arjun Prasaath Anbazhagan , Brennan Lagasse , Kevin Zhu

A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

While learning to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences has shown remarkable success, aligning these models to meet the diverse user preferences presents further challenges in preserving previous knowledge. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Gihun Lee , Minchan Jeong , Yujin Kim , Hojung Jung , Jaehoon Oh , Sangmook Kim , Se-Young Yun

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Self-play methods have demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing model capabilities across various domains. In the context of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), self-play not only boosts Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mingzhi Wang , Chengdong Ma , Qizhi Chen , Linjian Meng , Yang Han , Jiancong Xiao , Zhaowei Zhang , Jing Huo , Weijie J. Su , Yaodong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to process and generate natural language. However, as they are trained on massive datasets of text, LLMs can inherit harmful biases and produce outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qi Gou , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), which derives reward signals directly from pairwise preference data, has shown its effectiveness on aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its widespread use across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Duanyu Feng , Bowen Qin , Chen Huang , Zheng Zhang , Wenqiang Lei

We present Anchored Direct Preference Optimization (ADPO), a policy alignment method derived from first principles of KL-regularized reinforcement learning. Unlike standard approaches that treat the reference policy merely as a regularizer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wang Zixian

Multi-objective preference alignment of large language models (LLMs) is critical for developing AI systems that are more configurable, personalizable, helpful, and safe. However, optimizing model outputs to satisfy diverse objectives with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Raghav Gupta , Ryan Sullivan , Yunxuan Li , Samrat Phatale , Abhinav Rastogi
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