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This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

The computation and storage requirements for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are usually high. This issue limits their deployability on ubiquitous computing devices such as smart phones, wearables and autonomous drones. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Hande Alemdar , Vincent Leroy , Adrien Prost-Boucle , Frédéric Pétrot

Neural Networks (NN) have been proven to be powerful tools to analyze Big Data. However, traditional CPUs cannot achieve the desired performance and/or energy efficiency for NN applications. Therefore, numerous NN accelerators have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Taoran Xiang , Lunkai Zhang , Shuqian An , Xiaochun Ye , Mingzhe Zhang , Yanhuan Liu , Mingyu Yan , Da Wang , Hao Zhang , Wenming Li , Ninghui Sun , Dongrui Fan

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

The proliferation of edge devices necessitates efficient computational architectures for lightweight tasks, particularly deep neural network (DNN) inference. Traditional NPUs, though effective for such operations, face challenges in power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Won Hyeok Kim , Hyeong Jin Kim , Tae Hee Han

Ternary Neural Networks (TNNs) have received much attention due to being potentially orders of magnitude faster in inference, as well as more power efficient, than full-precision counterparts. However, 2 bits are required to encode the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Peng Chen , Bohan Zhuang , Chunhua Shen

The acceleration of pruned Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on edge devices such as Microcontrollers (MCUs) is a challenging task, given the tight area- and power-constraints of these devices. In this work, we propose a three-fold contribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Francesco Daghero , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Massimo Poncino , Alessio Burrello

The emerging trend of deploying complex algorithms, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), increasingly poses strict memory and energy efficiency requirements on Internet-of-Things (IoT) end-nodes. Mixed-precision quantization has been…

We evolve PyDTNN, a framework for distributed parallel training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), into an efficient inference tool for convolutional neural networks. Our optimization process on multicore ARM processors involves several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Adrián Castelló , Sergio Barrachina , Manuel F. Dolz , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí , Pau San Juan

Convolutional Neural Networks are extensively used in a wide range of applications, commonly including computer vision tasks like image and video classification, recognition, and segmentation. Recent research results demonstrate that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-11 Marco Carreras , Gianfranco Deriu , Luigi Raffo , Luca Benini , Paolo Meloni

Radio Resource Management (RRM) in 5G mobile communication is a challenging problem for which Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have shown promising results. Accelerating the compute-intensive RNN inference is therefore of utmost importance.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Renzo Andri , Tomas Henriksson , Luca Benini

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision (CV). However, training and inference of DNN models are both memory and computation intensive, incurring significant overhead in terms of energy consumption and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Tao Luo , Wai Teng Tang , Matthew Kay Fei Lee , Chuping Qu , Weng-Fai Wong , Rick Goh

RISC-V processors encounter substantial challenges in deploying multi-precision deep neural networks (DNNs) due to their restricted precision support, constrained throughput, and suboptimal dataflow design. To tackle these challenges, a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Chuanning Wang , Chao Fang , Xiao Wu , Zhongfeng Wang , Jun Lin

Recent advancements in quantization and mixed-precision approaches offers substantial opportunities to improve the speed and energy efficiency of Neural Networks (NN). Research has shown that individual parameters with varying low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Deploying state-of-the-art CNNs requires power-hungry processors and off-chip memory. This precludes the implementation of CNNs in low-power embedded systems. Recent research shows CNNs sustain extreme quantization, binarizing their weights…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Andrawes Al Bahou , Geethan Karunaratne , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

Ternary quantization has emerged as a powerful technique for reducing both computational and memory footprint of large language models (LLM), enabling efficient real-time inference deployment without significantly compromising model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhirui Huang , Rui Ma , Shijie Cao , Ran Shu , Ian Wang , Ting Cao , Chixiao Chen , Yongqiang Xiong

Contemporary Deep Neural Network (DNN) contains millions of synaptic connections with tens to hundreds of layers. The large computation and memory requirements pose a challenge to the hardware design. In this work, we leverage the intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Jingyang Zhu , Jingbo Jiang , Xizi Chen , Chi-Ying Tsui

The deployment of AI models on low-power, real-time edge devices requires accelerators for which energy, latency, and area are all first-order concerns. There are many approaches to enabling deep neural networks (DNNs) in this domain,…

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are increasingly preferred over full-precision Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) to reduce the memory and computational requirements of inference processing with minimal accuracy drop. BNNs convert CNN model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Sairam Sri Vatsavai , Venkata Sai Praneeth Karempudi , Ishan Thakkar
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