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The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) often need to be tailored for specific applications, requiring the integration of new knowledge or the acquisition of new skills. While full fine-tuning is a powerful adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bernd Bohnet , Rumen Dangovski , Kevin Swersky , Sherry Moore , Arslan Chaudhry , Kathleen Kenealy , Noah Fiedel

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong general language capabilities. However, fine-tuning these models on domain-specific tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, where the model overwrites or loses essential knowledge acquired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shezheng Song , Hao Xu , Jun Ma , Shasha Li , Long Peng , Qian Wan , Xiaodong Liu , Jie Yu

Existing research has shown that large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance in language understanding and generation. However, when LLMs are continuously fine-tuned on complex and diverse domain-specific downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Weijieying Ren , Xinlong Li , Lei Wang , Tianxiang Zhao , Wei Qin

Learning a set of tasks over time, also known as continual learning (CL), is one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence due to catastrophic forgetting. Large language models (LLMs) are often impractical to frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. As we progress toward an agentic world where LLM-based agents autonomously handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Naimul Haque

Catastrophic Forgetting (CF) means models forgetting previously acquired knowledge when learning new data. It compromises the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) during fine-tuning, yet the underlying causes have not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongyu Li , Liang Ding , Meng Fang , Dacheng Tao

The growing interest in Large Language Models (LLMs) for specialized applications has revealed a significant challenge: when tailored to specific domains, LLMs tend to experience catastrophic forgetting, compromising their general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Rui Wang , Fei Mi , Yi Chen , Boyang Xue , Hongru Wang , Qi Zhu , Kam-Fai Wong , Ruifeng Xu

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) is a phenomenon that occurs in machine learning when a model forgets previously learned information while acquiring new knowledge for achieving a satisfactory performance in downstream tasks. As large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yun Luo , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yafu Li , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

End-to-end training of Spoken Language Models (SLMs) commonly involves adapting pre-trained text-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to the speech modality through multi-stage training on diverse tasks such as ASR, TTS and spoken question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chi-Yuan Hsiao , Ke-Han Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Chih Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Continual learning in large language models (LLMs) typically encounters the critical challenge of catastrophic forgetting, where previously acquired knowledge deteriorates upon exposure to new data. While techniques like replay buffers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Sneh Pillai

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a significant challenge in machine learning, where a model forgets previously learned information upon learning new tasks. Despite the advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), they continue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Gangwei Jiang , Caigao Jiang , Zhaoyi Li , Siqiao Xue , Jun Zhou , Linqi Song , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Tool learning enables the Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with the external environment by invoking tools, enriching the accuracy and capability scope of LLMs. However, previous works predominantly focus on improving model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yupu Hao , Pengfei Cao , Zhuoran Jin , Huanxuan Liao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Task-oriented dialogue systems are expected to handle a constantly expanding set of intents and domains even after they have been deployed to support more and more functionalities. To live up to this expectation, it becomes critical to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Amogh Mannekote , Xiaoyi Tian , Kristy Elizabeth Boyer , Bonnie J. Dorr

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with Low-Rank adaption (LoRA) is widely acknowledged as an effective approach for continual learning for new tasks. However, it often suffers from catastrophic forgetting when dealing with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jialin Liu , Jianhua Wu , Jie Liu , Yutai Duan

Large language models have been adopted in the medical domain for clinical documentation to reduce clinician burden. However, studies have reported that LLMs often "forget" a significant amount of instruction-following ability when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mengxian Lyu , Cheng Peng , Ziyi Chen , Mengyuan Zhang , Jieting Li Lu , Yonghui Wu

Nowadays, real-world data, including graph-structure data, often arrives in a streaming manner, which means that learning systems need to continuously acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziyang Cheng , Zhixun Li , Yuhan Li , Yixin Song , Kangyi Zhao , Dawei Cheng , Jia Li , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in natural language processing but face catastrophic forgetting when learning new tasks, where adaptation to a new domain leads to a substantial decline in performance on previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yuheng Lu , Bingshuo Qian , Caixia Yuan , Huixing Jiang , Xiaojie Wang

Although large language models (LLMs) perform well in general tasks, domain-specific applications suffer from hallucinations and accuracy limitations. Continual Pre-Training (CPT) approaches encounter two key issues: (1) domain-biased data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingxue Chen , Qingkun Tang , Qianchun Lu , Siyuan Fang

Recently, data-driven based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved state-of-the-art results. And transfer learning is often used when those existing systems are adapted to the target domain, e.g., fine-tuning, retraining.…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jiabin Xue , Jiqing Han , Tieran Zheng , Xiang Gao , Jiaxing Guo
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