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Artificial neural networks, celebrated for their human-like cognitive learning abilities, often encounter the well-known catastrophic forgetting (CF) problem, where the neural networks lose the proficiency in previously acquired knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Weiwei Weng , Mahardhika Pratama , Jie Zhang , Chen Chen , Edward Yapp Kien Yee , Ramasamy Savitha

Continual learning (CL), which requires the model to learn multiple tasks sequentially, is crucial for large language models (LLMs). Recently, low-rank adaptation~(LoRA), one of the most representative parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yan-Shuo Liang , Jia-Rui Chen , Wu-Jun Li

This paper introduces CURLoRA, a novel approach to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) that leverages CUR matrix decomposition in the context of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA). Our method addresses two critical challenges in LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Muhammad Fawi

The ability of neural networks to continuously learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining prior knowledge is crucial for many applications. However, current neural networks tend to forget previously learned tasks when trained on new ones,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sinan Özgür Özgün , Anne-Marie Rickmann , Abhijit Guha Roy , Christian Wachinger

In the past, continual learning (CL) was mostly concerned with the problem of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, that arises when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. Current CL methods function within the confines of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency across various tasks. Given the potent applications of LLMs in numerous fields, there has been a surge in LLM development. In developing LLMs, a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Chen-An Li , Hung-Yi Lee

Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models to new domains results in a deterioration of performance on the original domain(s), a phenomenon called Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). Even monolingual ASR models cannot be extended to new…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Steven Vander Eeckt , Hugo Van hamme

Modern big-data systems generate massive, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed streams that are large-scale and privacy-sensitive, making centralization challenging. While federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-enhancing training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Obaidullah Zaland , Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan , Monowar Bhuyan

As open-weight large language models (LLMs) achieve ever more impressive performances across a wide range of tasks in English, practitioners aim to adapt these models to different languages. However, such language adaptation is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Anton Alexandrov , Veselin Raychev , Mark Niklas Müller , Ce Zhang , Martin Vechev , Kristina Toutanova

Large language model (LLM) post-training enhances latent skills, unlocks value alignment, improves performance, and enables domain adaptation. Unfortunately, post-training is known to induce forgetting, especially in the ubiquitous use-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Lukas Thede , Stefan Winzeck , Zeynep Akata , Jonathan Richard Schwarz

Large language models often struggle with zero-shot generalization, and several modular approaches have been proposed to address this challenge. Yet, we hypothesize that a key limitation remains: the entanglement of general knowledge and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammadtaha Bagherifard , Sahar Rajabi , Ali Edalat , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Pre-training large language models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. Such models are pre-trained on generic data (e.g. BookCorpus and English Wikipedia) and often fine-tuned on tasks in the same domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Kristjan Arumae , Qing Sun , Parminder Bhatia

Building learning agents that can progressively learn and accumulate knowledge is the core goal of the continual learning (CL) research field. Unfortunately, training a model on new data usually compromises the performance on past data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Timothée Lesort , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Diganta Misra , Md Rifat Arefin , Pau Rodríguez , Laurent Charlin , Irina Rish

Large language models exhibit remarkable performance across diverse tasks through pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms. However, continual fine-tuning on sequential tasks induces catastrophic forgetting, where newly acquired knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in continual learning, in which a model loses prior knowledge when it is fine-tuned on new tasks. This problem is particularly critical for large language models (LLMs) undergoing continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ege Süalp , Mina Rezaei

Deep Learning models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as image classification or generation, often surpassing human accuracy. However, they can struggle to learn new tasks and update their knowledge without access to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Everton L. Aleixo , Juan G. Colonna , Marco Cristo , Everlandio Fernandes

Recently, domain-specific PLMs have been proposed to boost the task performance of specific domains (e.g., biomedical and computer science) by continuing to pre-train general PLMs with domain-specific corpora. However, this Domain-Adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhongwei Wan , Yichun Yin , Wei Zhang , Jiaxin Shi , Lifeng Shang , Guangyong Chen , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

How to adapt a pre-trained model continuously for sequential tasks with different prediction class labels and domains and finally learn a generalizable model across diverse tasks is a long-lasting challenge. Continual learning (CL) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xiaobing Yu , Jin Yang , Xiao Wu , Peijie Qiu , Xiaofeng Liu

Custom Diffusion Models (CDMs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable ability to personalize generative processes. However, existing CDMs suffer from catastrophic forgetting when continuously learning new concepts. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Arjun Ramesh Kaushik , Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande , Nalini Ratha , Venu Govindaraju

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at general tasks but underperform in specialized domains like economics and psychology, which require deep, principled understanding. To address this, we introduce ACER (Automated Curriculum-Enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nishit Neema , Srinjoy Mukherjee , Sapan Shah , Gokul Ramakrishnan , Ganesh Venkatesh