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Predicting gene regulation responses to biological perturbations requires reasoning about underlying biological causalities. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for such tasks, they are often overwhelmed by the entangled nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Hyomin Kim , Sang-Yeon Hwang , Jaechang Lim , Yinhua Piao , Yunhak Oh , Woo Youn Kim , Chanyoung Park , Sungsoo Ahn , Junhyeok Jeon

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant reasoning capabilities in scientific discovery but struggle to bridge the gap to physical execution in wet-labs. In these irreversible environments, probabilistic hallucinations are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuyang Liu , Jingya Wang , Liuzhenghao Lv , Yonghong Tian

Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn attention to their potential for accelerating drug discovery. However, a central problem remains: translating theoretical ideas into robust implementations in the highly specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Sizhe Liu , Yizhou Lu , Siyu Chen , Xiyang Hu , Jieyu Zhao , Yingzhou Lu , Yue Zhao

We envision "AI scientists" as systems capable of skeptical learning and reasoning that empower biomedical research through collaborative agents that integrate AI models and biomedical tools with experimental platforms. Rather than taking…

Gene set knowledge discovery is essential for advancing human functional genomics. Recent studies have shown promising performance by harnessing the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) on this task. Nonetheless, their results are subject…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhizheng Wang , Qiao Jin , Chih-Hsuan Wei , Shubo Tian , Po-Ting Lai , Qingqing Zhu , Chi-Ping Day , Christina Ross , Zhiyong Lu

Artificial intelligence systems for scientific discovery have demonstrated remarkable potential, yet existing approaches remain largely proprietary and operate in batch-processing modes requiring hours per research cycle, precluding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Lukas Weidener , Marko Brkić , Mihailo Jovanović , Ritvik Singh , Chiara Baccin , Emre Ulgac , Alex Dobrin , Aakaash Meduri

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) allow them to address diverse questions using human-like interfaces. Still, limitations in their training prevent them from answering accurately in scenarios that could benefit from multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yoshitaka Inoue , Tianci Song , Xinling Wang , Augustin Luna , Tianfan Fu

Polymer discovery is central to fields ranging from energy storage to biomedicine, but it is hindered by an astronomically large chemical design space and fragmented representations of structure, properties, and prior knowledge. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Manpreet Kaur , Xingying Zhang , Qian Liu

Transformer-based large language models are rapidly advancing in the field of machine learning research, with applications spanning natural language, biology, chemistry, and computer programming. Extreme scaling and reinforcement learning…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Daniil A. Boiko , Robert MacKnight , Gabe Gomes

The process of scientific discovery relies on an interplay of observations, analysis, and hypothesis generation. Machine learning is increasingly being adopted to address individual aspects of this process. However, it remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Florian Marquardt

Frontier scientific reasoning is rapidly emerging as a key foundation for advancing AI agents in automated scientific discovery. Deep research agents offer a promising approach to this challenge. These models develop robust problem-solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tianshi Zheng , Rui Wang , Xiyun Li , Kelvin Kiu Wai Tam , Newt Nguyen Kim Hue Nam , Wei Fan , Yangqiu Song , Tianqing Fang

The pace of scientific research, vital for improving human life, is complex, slow, and needs specialized expertise. Meanwhile, novel, impactful research often stems from both a deep understanding of prior work, and a cross-pollination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jinheon Baek , Sujay Kumar Jauhar , Silviu Cucerzan , Sung Ju Hwang

Creating end-to-end bioinformatics workflows requires diverse domain expertise, which poses challenges for both junior and senior researchers as it demands a deep understanding of both genomics concepts and computational techniques. While…

A key challenge in artificial intelligence is the creation of systems capable of autonomously advancing scientific understanding by exploring novel domains, identifying complex patterns, and uncovering previously unseen connections in vast…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Alireza Ghafarollahi , Markus J. Buehler

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are emerging as transformative tools in drug discovery, with the ability to autonomously reason, act, and learn through complicated research workflows. Building on large language models (LLMs) coupled…

Large-scale single-cell and Perturb-seq investigations routinely involve clustering cells and subsequently annotating each cluster with Gene-Ontology (GO) terms to elucidate the underlying biological programs. However, both stages,…

Building Large Language Model agents that expand their capabilities by interacting with external tools represents a new frontier in AI research and applications. In this paper, we introduce InfoAgent, a deep research agent powered by an…

Pharmaceutical patents play a vital role in biochemical industries, especially in drug discovery, providing researchers with unique early access to data, experimental results, and research insights. With the advancement of machine learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Xin Wang , Yifan Zhang , Xiaojing Zhang , Longhui Yu , Xinna Lin , Jindong Jiang , Bin Ma , Kaicheng Yu

Recent advances in large language models have enabled AI systems to achieve expert-level performance on domain-specific scientific tasks, yet these systems remain narrow and handcrafted. We introduce SciAgent, a unified multi-agent system…

Designing de novo proteins beyond those found in nature holds significant promise for advancements in both scientific and engineering applications. Current methodologies for protein design often rely on AI-based models, such as surrogate…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-08 A. Ghafarollahi , M. J. Buehler
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