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Recent advances in multi-modal Large Language Models (M-LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability to synthesize implicit information from disparate sources, including images and text. These resourceful data from social media also introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junhao Li , Jiahao Chen , Zhou Feng , Chunyi Zhou

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

Vision language models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various downstream tasks. However, understanding fine-grained visual-linguistic concepts, such as attributes and inter-object relationships, remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wujian Peng , Sicheng Xie , Zuyao You , Shiyi Lan , Zuxuan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in understanding and analyzing code for security vulnerabilities, such as Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs). However, their reliance on cloud infrastructure and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Md. Azizul Hakim Bappy , Hossen A Mustafa , Prottoy Saha , Rajinus Salehat

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on large quantities of high-quality annotated data, or questions with well-defined ground truth answers in the case of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Justin Bauer , Thomas Walshe , Derek Pham , Harit Vishwakarma , Armin Parchami , Frederic Sala , Paroma Varma

We present PrivLEX, a novel image privacy classifier that grounds its decisions in legally defined personal data concepts. PrivLEX is the first interpretable privacy classifier aligned with legal concepts that leverages the recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Darya Baranouskaya , Andrea Cavallaro

Instruction tuning is a crucial supervised training phase in Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming to enhance the LLM's ability to generalize instruction execution and adapt to user preferences. With the increasing integration of multi-modal…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chen Li , Yixiao Ge , Dian Li , Ying Shan

As visual assistant systems powered by visual language models (VLMs) become more prevalent, concerns over user privacy have grown, particularly for blind and low vision users who may unknowingly capture personal private information in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jeffri Murrugarra-LLerena , Haoran Niu , K. Suzanne Barber , Hal Daumé , Yang Trista Cao , Paola Cascante-Bonilla

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted for tasks like drafting emails, summarizing meetings, and answering health questions. In these settings, users may need to share private information (e.g., contact details, health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xiaoyuan Wu , Roshni Kaushik , Wenkai Li , Lujo Bauer , Koichi Onoue

Augmented reality (AR) systems pose unique privacy risks due to their continuous capture of visual data. Existing AR privacy frameworks lack semantic understanding of visual content, limiting their effectiveness in detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jialu Liu , Yao Li , Zhuoheng Li , Huining Li , Ying Chen

As large language models (LLMs) are integrated into sociotechnical systems, it is crucial to examine the privacy biases they exhibit. We define privacy bias as the appropriateness value of information flows in responses from LLMs. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yan Shvartzshnaider , Vasisht Duddu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated advanced capabilities in both text generation and comprehension, and their application to data archives might facilitate the privatization of sensitive information about the data subjects. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Stefano Cirillo , Domenico Desiato , Giuseppe Polese , Monica Maria Lucia Sebillo , Giandomenico Solimando

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly integral to diverse applications, their capabilities raise significant privacy concerns. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of privacy risks associated with LLMs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Shibo Feng , Li Shen , Pengcheng Wu

Privacy policies are widely used by digital services and often required for legal purposes. Many machine learning based classifiers have been developed to automate detection of different concepts in a given privacy policy, which can help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yuxin Chen , Peng Tang , Weidong Qiu , Shujun Li

Fine-tuning is a common and effective method for tailoring large language models (LLMs) to specialized tasks and applications. In this paper, we study the privacy implications of fine-tuning LLMs on user data. To this end, we consider a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nikhil Kandpal , Krishna Pillutla , Alina Oprea , Peter Kairouz , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zheng Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in sensitive domains, including healthcare, finance, and legal services, raising concerns about potential private information leaks during inference. Privacy extraction attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jinwen He , Yiyang Lu , Zijin Lin , Kai Chen , Yue Zhao

Process-supervised reward models serve as a fine-grained function that provides detailed step-wise feedback to model responses, facilitating effective selection of reasoning trajectories for complex tasks. Despite its advantages, evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Haoqin Tu , Weitao Feng , Hardy Chen , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Cihang Xie

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have enabled the creation of highly realistic image forgeries, raising significant concerns about digital media authenticity. While existing detection methods demonstrate promising…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Junhao Xu , Jingjing Chen , Yang Jiao , Jiacheng Zhang , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) are complex artificial intelligence systems capable of understanding, generating and translating human language. They learn language patterns by analyzing large amounts of text data, allowing them to perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Biwei Yan , Kun Li , Minghui Xu , Yueyan Dong , Yue Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Xiuzhen Cheng