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The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daulet Toibazar , Kesen Wang , Sherif Mohamed , Abdulaziz Al-Badawi , Abdulrahman Alfulayt , Pedro J. Moreno

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Visual instruction tuning is the key to building large vision language models~(LVLMs), which can greatly improve the task generalization and solving capabilities by learning a mixture of instruction data from diverse visual tasks. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zikang Liu , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are rapidly advancing in their capability to answer information-seeking questions. As these models are widely deployed in consumer applications, they could lead to new privacy risks due to emergent abilities to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ethan Mendes , Yang Chen , James Hays , Sauvik Das , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are an integral part of modern AI that have led to breakthrough performances in complex AI tasks. Major AI companies with expensive infrastructures are able to develop and train these large models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Rouzbeh Behnia , Mohamamdreza Ebrahimi , Jason Pacheco , Balaji Padmanabhan

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in developing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) capable of processing both textual and visual inputs. These models have demonstrated impressive performance, leading to their widespread adoption in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Hanene F. Z. Brachemi Meftah , Wassim Hamidouche , Sid Ahmed Fezza , Olivier Déforges

Recent advancements in generative large language models (LLMs) have enabled wider applicability, accessibility, and flexibility. However, their reliability and trustworthiness are still in doubt, especially for concerns regarding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Haoran Li , Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Yulin Chen , Qi Hu , Sirui Han , Tianshu Chu , Peizhao Hu , Yangqiu Song

The performance of modern machine learning systems depends on access to large, high-quality datasets, often sourced from user-generated content or proprietary, domain-specific corpora. However, these rich datasets inherently contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhan Shi , Yefeng Yuan , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng , Yi Fang

Large language models (LLMs) are primarily accessed via commercial APIs, but this often requires users to expose their data to service providers. In this paper, we explore how users can stay in control of their data by using privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Guillem Ramírez , Alexandra Birch , Ivan Titov

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical private information such as, context, specific details,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Imdad Ullah , Najm Hassan , Sukhpal Singh Gill , Basem Suleiman , Tariq Ahamed Ahanger , Zawar Shah , Junaid Qadir , Salil S. Kanhere

Engagement recognition in video datasets, unlike traditional image classification tasks, is particularly challenged by subjective labels and noise limiting model performance. To overcome the challenges of subjective and noisy engagement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Alexander Vedernikov , Puneet Kumar , Haoyu Chen , Tapio Seppänen , Xiaobai Li

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for tackling complex tasks across diverse domains, but they also raise privacy concerns when fine-tuned on sensitive data due to potential memorization. While differential privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Lynn Chua , Badih Ghazi , Yangsibo Huang , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Daogao Liu , Pasin Manurangsi , Amer Sinha , Chiyuan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Privacy policies are often obfuscated by their complexity, which impedes transparency and informed consent. Conventional machine learning approaches for automatically analyzing these policies demand significant resources and substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Arda Goknil , Femke B. Gelderblom , Simeon Tverdal , Shukun Tokas , Hui Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in privacy pipelines to detect and remedy sensitive data leakage. These solutions often rely on the premise that LLMs can reliably recognize human names, one of the most important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dzung Pham , Peter Kairouz , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Eugene Bagdasarian , Chau Minh Pham , Amir Houmansadr

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical for their safe and effective deployment across diverse user populations. However, existing benchmarks often neglect cultural and demographic diversity, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yao Liang , Dongcheng Zhao , Feifei Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yuwei Wang , Dongqi Liang , Yi Zeng

Recent advances in visual-language alignment have endowed vision-language models (VLMs) with fine-grained image understanding capabilities. However, this progress also introduces new privacy risks. This paper first proposes a novel privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Hongyi Miao , Jun Jia , Xincheng Wang , Qianli Ma , Wei Sun , Wangqiu Zhou , Dandan Zhu , Yewen Cao , Zhi Liu , Guangtao Zhai

Machine unlearning has emerged as an effective strategy for forgetting specific information in the training data. However, with the increasing integration of visual data, privacy concerns in Vision Language Models (VLMs) remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yingzi Ma , Jiongxiao Wang , Fei Wang , Siyuan Ma , Jiazhao Li , Jinsheng Pan , Xiujun Li , Furong Huang , Lichao Sun , Bo Li , Yejin Choi , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao