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We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-24 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

Motivated by recent ion experiments on tunable long-range interacting quantum systems [B.Neyenhuis et al., Sci.Adv.3, e1700672 (2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700672 )], we test the strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-27 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

For the typical quantum many-body systems that obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we argue that the entanglement entropy of (almost) all energy eigenstates is described by a single crossover function. The ETH implies that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-26 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis as well as the quantum ergodic theorem are studied in the light of quantum Fisher information. We show how global bounds on quantum Fisher information set the ETH and ergodicity conditions.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-19 Cesar Gomez

Ergodicity has been one of the fundamental concepts underpinning our understanding of thermalization in isolated systems since the first developments in classical statistical mechanics. Recently, a similar notion has been introduced for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Leonard Logaric , John Goold , Shane Dooley

We study the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in chaotic conformal field theories (CFTs) of arbitrary dimensions. Assuming local ETH, we compute the reduced density matrix of a ball-shaped subsystem of finite size in the infinite…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-14 Nima Lashkari , Anatoly Dymarsky , Hong Liu

Absence of thermalization after a global quantum quench is a well-established numerical observation in integrable many-body systems, and can be empirically related to a violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in such…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-14 Peter Reimann , Christian Eidecker-Dunkel

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading conjecture for the emergence of statistical mechanics in generic isolated quantum systems and is formulated in terms of the matrix elements of operators. An analog known as the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-04 Siddharth Jindal , Pavan Hosur

We investigate the relation between the classical ergodicity and the quantum eigenstate thermalization in the fully connected Ising ferromagnets. In the case of spin-1/2, an expectation value of an observable in a single energy eigenstate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-20 Takashi Mori

We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) represents a breakthrough in many-body physics since it allows to link thermalization of physical observables with the applicability of random matrix theory (RMT). Recent years were also extremely…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-06 Maksymilian Kliczkowski , Rafał Świętek , Miroslav Hopjan , Lev Vidmar

We consider conditions under which an isolated quantum system approaches a microcanonical equilibrium state. A key component is the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis, which proposes that all energy eigenstates appear thermal. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Joe Dunlop , Oliver Cohen , Anthony J. Short

We study diagnostics of thermalization in quantum many-body systems with global SU(2) symmetry, where the standard eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is generalized to its non-Abelian form. As an eigenstate-level probe, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Haojie Shen , Jie Chen , Xiaoqun Wang

Chaos and ergodicity are the cornerstones of statistical physics and thermodynamics. While classically even small systems like a particle in a two-dimensional cavity, can exhibit chaotic behavior and thereby relax to a microcanonical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2017-07-19 Anatoli Polkovnikov , Dries Sels

Thermalization is investigated for the one-dimensional anisotropic antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with dimerized nearest-neighbor interactions that break integrability. For this purpose the time evolution of local operator expectation…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-01-20 N. P. Konstantinidis

In this work we study a scenario where dynamics is restricted to a single excitation manifold, for particular physical observables with support in the manifold, which we label a `correlated quench'. We ask how such dynamics may in general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-07 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

With increasing subsystem size and energy, bipartite entanglement entropies of energy eigenstates cross over from the groundstate scaling to a volume law. In previous work, we pointed out that, when strong or weak eigenstate thermalization…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-09 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

We derive a large-scale hydrodynamic equation, including diffusive and dissipative effects, for systems with generic static position-dependent driving forces coupling to local conserved quantities. We show that this equation predicts…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-10 Joseph Durnin , Andrea De Luca , Jacopo De Nardis , Benjamin Doyon

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), even isolated quantum systems can thermalize because the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of typical observables vanish in the limit of large systems. Of course, isolated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-08 W. Beugeling , R. Moessner , Masudul Haque

We consider a minimal model for quantum thermalization of coupled chaotic subsystems. The route towards ergodicity is explored as a function of the coupling strength. The results are contrasted with the predictions of standard Random Matrix…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Amichay Vardi , Doron Cohen