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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require adaptive behavior planners to navigate unpredictable, real-world environments safely. Traditional behavior trees (BTs) offer structured decision logic but are inherently static and demand labor-intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Omar Y. Goba , Ahmed Y. Gado , Catherine M. Elias , Ahmed Hussein

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in deploying LLM agents to undertake tasks in the world. LLMs are often deployed in agent systems: code that orchestrates LLM calls and provides them with tools. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maxime Robeyns , Martin Szummer , Laurence Aitchison

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrate the significant potential in autonomous driving. Despite this promise, challenges such as the manual design of reward functions and low sample efficiency in complex environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Zengqi Peng , Yubin Wang , Xu Han , Lei Zheng , Jun Ma

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in interactive decision-making tasks. These agents interact with environment through intermediate interfaces, such as predefined action spaces and interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kaiming Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Ziyue Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

The era of intelligent agents is upon us, driven by revolutionary advancements in large language models. Large Language Model (LLM) agents, with goal-driven behaviors and dynamic adaptation capabilities, potentially represent a critical…

Curriculum learning is a training mechanism in reinforcement learning (RL) that facilitates the achievement of complex policies by progressively increasing the task difficulty during training. However, designing effective curricula for a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Kanghyun Ryu , Qiayuan Liao , Zhongyu Li , Payam Delgosha , Koushil Sreenath , Negar Mehr

Existing LLM-enabled multi-agent frameworks are predominantly limited to digital or simulated environments and confined to narrowly focused knowledge domain, constraining their applicability to complex engineering tasks that require the…

Task planning can require defining myriad domain knowledge about the world in which a robot needs to act. To ameliorate that effort, large language models (LLMs) can be used to score potential next actions during task planning, and even…

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are two powerful approaches for building autonomous agents. However, due to limited understanding of the game environment, agents often resort to inefficient exploration and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ziyu Chen , Zhiqing Xiao , Xinbei Jiang , Junbo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in general programming tasks. However, in Machine Learning Engineering (MLE) scenarios such as AutoML and Kaggle competitions, achieving high performance depends heavily on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shangheng Du , Xiangchao Yan , Dengyang Jiang , Jiakang Yuan , Yusong Hu , Xin Li , Liang He , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai

Current LLM agents typically lack instance-level context, which comprises concrete facts such as environment structure, system configurations, and local mechanics. Consequently, existing methods are forced to intertwine exploration with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kuntai Cai , Juncheng Liu , Xianglin Yang , Zhaojie Niu , Xiaokui Xiao , Xing Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are rapidly improving to handle increasingly complex web-based tasks. Most of these agents rely on general-purpose, proprietary models like GPT-4 and focus on designing better prompts to improve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Junhong Shen , Atishay Jain , Zedian Xiao , Ishan Amlekar , Mouad Hadji , Aaron Podolny , Ameet Talwalkar

Recent advances on large language models (LLMs) enable researchers and developers to build autonomous language agents that can automatically solve various tasks and interact with environments, humans, and other agents using natural language…

Agentic reinforcement learning has advanced large language models (LLMs) to reason through long chain-of-thought trajectories while interleaving external tool use. Existing approaches assume a fixed inventory of tools, limiting LLM agents'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiaru Zou , Ling Yang , Yunzhe Qi , Sirui Chen , Mengting Ai , Ke Shen , Jingrui He , Mengdi Wang

Agent self-improvement, where the backbone Large Language Model (LLM) of the agent are trained on trajectories sampled autonomously based on their own policies, has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing performance. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in chemistry, significantly impacting molecule design, property prediction, and synthesis optimization. This review highlights LLM capabilities in these domains and their potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Mayk Caldas Ramos , Christopher J. Collison , Andrew D. White

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in decision-making tasks, but struggle significantly with complex, long-horizon planning scenarios. This arises from their lack of macroscopic guidance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ziyue Li , Yuan Chang , Gaihong Yu , Xiaoqiu Le

Open large language models (LLMs) with great performance in various tasks have significantly advanced the development of LLMs. However, they are far inferior to commercial models such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 when acting as agents to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Aohan Zeng , Mingdao Liu , Rui Lu , Bowen Wang , Xiao Liu , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang
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