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Fault-tolerant syndrome extraction is a key ingredient in implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. While conventional methods use a number of extra qubits linear in the weight of the syndrome, several improvements have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

Quantum error correction is a crucial tool for mitigating hardware errors in quantum computers by encoding logical information into multiple physical qubits. However, no single error-correcting code allows for an intrinsically…

Recent advances in quantum error-correction (QEC) have shown that it is often beneficial to understand fault-tolerance as a dynamical process, a circuit with redundant measurements that help correct errors, rather than as a static code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Arthur Pesah , Austin K. Daniel , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer

Fault-tolerant complexes describe surface-code fault-tolerant protocols from a single geometric object. We first introduce fusion complexes that define a general family of fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC) fault-tolerant quantum…

Implementation of high-fidelity gate operations on integrated-qubit systems is of vital importance for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Qubit frequency allocation is an essential part of improving control fidelity. A metric for qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Kentaro Heya , Moein Malekakhlagh , Seth Merkel , Naoki Kanazawa , Emily Pritchett

The use of a few intermediate qutrits for efficient decomposition of 3-qubit unitary gates has been proposed, to obtain an exponential reduction in the depth of the decomposed circuit. An intermediate qutrit implies that a qubit is operated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computation will require real-time decoding algorithms capable of quickly extracting logical outcomes from the stream of data generated by noisy quantum hardware. We propose modular decoding, an approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Héctor Bombín , Chris Dawson , Ye-Hua Liu , Naomi Nickerson , Fernando Pastawski , Sam Roberts

Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can…

Reducing space and time overheads of fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) has been receiving increasing attention as it is crucial for the development of quantum computers and also plays a fundamental role in understanding the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Yugo Takada , Hayata Yamasaki

Fault-tolerant capacities quantify the ability of a quantum channel to reliably transmit information when every component of the encoding and decoding procedure is noisy. Earlier work analyzed achievable communication rates under such noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Paula Belzig , Hayata Yamasaki

Scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computation will require error correction. This will demand constant measurement of many-qubit observables, implemented using a vast number of CNOT gates. Indeed, practically all operations performed by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-16 Andreas Peter , Daniel Loss , James R. Wootton

This paper explores a new approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), relying on quantum polar codes. We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit, which we refer to as $\mathcal{Q}_1$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Ashutosh Goswami , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

A common approach to studying the performance of quantum error correcting codes is to assume independent and identically distributed single-qubit errors. However, the available experimental data shows that realistic errors in modern…

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Floquet codes are a novel class of quantum error-correcting codes with dynamically generated logical qubits arising from a periodic schedule of non-commuting measurements. We utilize the interpretation of measurements in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Arpit Dua , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Joseph Sullivan , Tyler D. Ellison

Conventional fault-tolerant quantum error-correction schemes require a number of extra qubits that grows linearly with the code's maximum stabilizer generator weight. For some common distance-three codes, the recent "flag paradigm" uses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

We investigate a scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation based on the cluster model. Logical qubits are encoded by a suitable code such as the Steane's 7-qubit code. Cluster states of logical qubits are prepared by post-selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

The network paradigm for quantum computing involves interconnecting many modules to form a scalable machine. Typically it is assumed that the links between modules are prone to noise while operations within modules have significantly higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Ying Li , Simon C. Benjamin

Of the many potential hardware platforms, superconducting quantum circuits have become the leading contender for constructing a scalable quantum computing system. All current architecture designs necessitate a 2D arrangement of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 H. Mukai , K. Sakata , S. J. Devitt , R. Wang , Y. Zhou , Y. Nakajima , J. S. Tsai