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From a Bayesian perspective, score-based diffusion solves inverse problems through joint inference, embedding the likelihood with the prior to guide the sampling process. However, this formulation fails to explain its practical behavior:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hao Chen , Renzheng Zhang , Scott S. Howard

We propose self-diffusion, a novel framework for solving inverse problems without relying on pretrained generative models. Traditional diffusion-based approaches require training a model on a clean dataset to learn to reverse the forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guanxiong Luo , Shoujin Huang , Yanlong Yang

We introduce a novel framework for efficient sampling from complex, unnormalised target distributions by exploiting multiscale dynamics. Traditional score-based sampling methods either rely on learned approximations of the score function or…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-04 Paula Cordero-Encinar , Andrew B. Duncan , Sebastian Reich , O. Deniz Akyildiz

We propose a surrogate function for efficient yet principled use of score-based priors in Bayesian imaging. We consider ill-posed inverse imaging problems in which one aims for a clean image posterior given incomplete or noisy measurements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Berthy T. Feng , Katherine L. Bouman

Diffusion models are typically trained using score matching, a learning objective agnostic to the underlying noising process that guides the model. This paper argues that Markov noising processes enjoy an advantage over alternatives, as the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Zheyang Shen , Huihui Wang , Marina Riabiz , Chris J. Oates

The efficient resolution of Bayesian inverse problems remains challenging due to the high computational cost of traditional sampling methods. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Daniil Sherki , Ivan Oseledets , Ekaterina Muravleva

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have recently emerged as a promising class of generative models. However, a fundamental limitation is that their inference is very slow due to a need for many (e.g., 2000) iterations of sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Hengyuan Ma , Li Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jianfeng Feng

Recent advancements in diffusion models have been leveraged to address inverse problems without additional training, and Diffusion Posterior Sampling (DPS) (Chung et al., 2022a) is among the most popular approaches. Previous analyses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tongda Xu , Xiyan Cai , Xinjie Zhang , Xingtong Ge , Dailan He , Ming Sun , Jingjing Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Jian Li , Yan Wang

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful techniques for generating samples from high-dimensional data distributions. These models involve a two-phase process: first, injecting noise to transform the data distribution into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Runjia Li , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu

Score-based diffusion models demonstrate superior performance in generative tasks but encounter fundamental bottlenecks in inverse problems due to the analytical intractability of the time-dependent likelihood score. To bridge this gap, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Boyang Zhang , Zhiguo Wang , Ya-Feng Liu

Unobserved confounding is one of the greatest challenges for causal discovery. The case in which unobserved variables have a widespread effect on many of the observed ones is particularly difficult because most pairs of variables are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-26 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification via prediction sets with exact finite-sample coverage. In low dimensions these sets are easy to interpret, but in high-dimensional or structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Trevor Harris

Existing diffusion-based methods for inverse problems sample from the posterior using score functions and accept the generated random samples as solutions. In applications that posterior mean is preferred, we have to generate multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhipeng Xue , Penghao Cai , Xiaojun Yuan , Xiqi Gao

A key objective in spatial statistics is to simulate from the distribution of a spatial process at a selection of unobserved locations conditional on observations (i.e., a predictive distribution) to enable spatial prediction and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-17 Julia Walchessen , Andrew Zammit-Mangion , Raphaël Huser , Mikael Kuusela

We present a concise derivation for several influential score-based diffusion models that relies on only a few textbook results. Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for generating realistic, synthetic signals --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Recent work has explored a range of model families for human motion generation, including Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and diffusion-based models. Despite their differences, many methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 David Björkstrand , Tiesheng Wang , Lars Bretzner , Josephine Sullivan

In this paper, we investigate score function-based tests to check the significance of an ultrahigh-dimensional sub-vector of the model coefficients when the nuisance parameter vector is also ultrahigh-dimensional in linear models. We first…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-12 Weichao Yang , Xu Guo , Lixing Zhu

Diffusion models have shown impressive performance for image generation, often times outperforming other generative models. Since their introduction, researchers have extended the powerful noise-to-image denoising pipeline to discriminative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Fahim Ahmed Zaman , Mathews Jacob , Amanda Chang , Kan Liu , Milan Sonka , Xiaodong Wu

Score-based diffusion models are a highly effective method for generating samples from a distribution of images. We consider scenarios where the training data comes from a noisy version of the target distribution, and present an efficiently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Dennis Elbrächter , Giovanni S. Alberti , Matteo Santacesaria

Diffusion models are a class of probabilistic generative models that have been widely used as a prior for image processing tasks like text conditional generation and inpainting. We demonstrate that these models can be adapted to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Marc Finzi , Anudhyan Boral , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Fei Sha , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez