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Combining abstract, symbolic reasoning with continuous neural reasoning is a grand challenge of representation learning. As a step in this direction, we propose a new architecture, called neural equivalence networks, for the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Miltiadis Allamanis , Pankajan Chanthirasegaran , Pushmeet Kohli , Charles Sutton

With the recent success of embeddings in natural language processing, research has been conducted into applying similar methods to code analysis. Most works attempt to process the code directly or use a syntactic tree representation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Tal Ben-Nun , Alice Shoshana Jakobovits , Torsten Hoefler

Imitation learning methods have demonstrated considerable success in teaching autonomous systems complex tasks through expert demonstrations. However, a limitation of these methods is their lack of interpretability, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Wenliang Liu , Danyang Li , Erfan Aasi , Daniela Rus , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language for specifying spatio-temporal requirements over real-valued, real-time signals. It has been widely used for the verification and synthesis of autonomous systems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bowen Ye , Zhijian Li , Junyue Huang , Junkai Ma , Xiang Yin

We study two fundamental questions in neuro-symbolic computing: can deep learning tackle challenging problems in logics end-to-end, and can neural networks learn the semantics of logics. In this work we focus on linear-time temporal logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Christopher Hahn , Frederik Schmitt , Jens U. Kreber , Markus N. Rabe , Bernd Finkbeiner

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

The recent developments and growing interest in neural-symbolic models has shown that hybrid approaches can offer richer models for Artificial Intelligence. The integration of effective relational learning and reasoning methods is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Marcelo Prates , Luís Lamb , Artur Garcez

Sentence embedding is a significant research topic in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Generating sentence embedding vectors reflecting the intrinsic meaning of a sentence is a key factor to achieve an enhanced performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Myeongjun Jang , Pilsung Kang

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful framework for describing the complex temporal and logical behaviour of the dynamical system. Numerous studies have attempted to employ reinforcement learning to learn a controller that enforces STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Naman Saxena , Gorantla Sandeep , Pushpak Jagtap

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning tasks when guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, they tend to produce highly confident yet incorrect outputs, which poses significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhenjiang Mao , Artem Bisliouk , Rohith Reddy Nama , Ivan Ruchkin

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has emerged as an expressive language for reasoning intricate planning objectives. However, existing STL-based methods often assume full observation and known dynamics, which imposes constraints on real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Peiran Liu , Yiting He , Yihao Qin , Hang Zhou , Yiding Ji

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained great success by learning directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs, yet is notorious for the lack of interpretability. Interpretability of the subtasks is critical in hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Daoming Lyu , Fangkai Yang , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

This paper develops a novel methodology for using symbolic knowledge in deep learning. From first principles, we derive a semantic loss function that bridges between neural output vectors and logical constraints. This loss function captures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Jingyi Xu , Zilu Zhang , Tal Friedman , Yitao Liang , Guy Van den Broeck

Semantic communication is an emerging paradigm that focuses on understanding and delivering semantics, or meaning of messages. Most existing semantic communication solutions define semantic meaning as the meaning of object labels recognized…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Jingming Liang , Yong Xiao , Yingyu Li , Guangming Shi , Mehdi Bennis

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

Time-series data can represent the behaviors of autonomous systems, such as drones and self-driving cars. The task of binary and multi-class classification for time-series data has become a prominent area of research. Neural networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-26 Danyang Li , Roberto Tron

Cyber-physical system applications such as autonomous vehicles, wearable devices, and avionic systems generate a large volume of time-series data. Designers often look for tools to help classify and categorize the data. Traditional machine…

The representation space of pretrained Language Models (LMs) encodes rich information about words and their relationships (e.g., similarity, hypernymy, polysemy) as well as abstract semantic notions (e.g., intensity). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

In this paper, a method for learning a recurrent neural network (RNN) controller that maximizes the robustness of signal temporal logic (STL) specifications is presented. In contrast to previous methods, we consider synthesizing the RNN…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-20 Wataru Hashimoto , Kazumune Hashimoto , Shigemasa Takai

Symbolic indefinite integration in Computer Algebra Systems such as Maple involves selecting the most effective algorithm from multiple available methods. Not all methods will succeed for a given problem, and when several do, the results,…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rashid Barket , Matthew England , Jürgen Gerhard