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In this work we investigate the sociocultural values learned by large language models (LLMs). We introduce a novel open-access dataset, Sociocultural Statements, constructed from natural debate statements using a multi-step methodology. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Vlad-Andrei Negru , Camelia Lemnaru , Mihai Surdeanu , Rodica Potolea

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they can present unintended biases and harmful behaviors driven by encoded values, emphasizing the urgent need to understand the value mechanisms behind them. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ling Hu , Yuemei Xu , Xiaoyang Gu , Letao Han

Natural Question Answering (QA) datasets play a crucial role in evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications. Despite the numerous QA datasets that have been developed…

Research has shown that while large language models (LLMs) can generate their responses based on cultural context, they are not perfect and tend to generalize across cultures. However, when evaluating the cultural bias of a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Vitthal Bhandari

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit homogenized cultural perspectives. While the World Values Survey (WVS) provides a gold standard for mapping human values, traditional direct prompting of LLMs on WVS often fails to access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Trung Duc Anh Dang , Sarah Masud

Cultural bias is pervasive in many large language models (LLMs), largely due to the deficiency of data representative of different cultures. Typically, cultural datasets and benchmarks are constructed either by extracting subsets of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Cheng Li , Damien Teney , Linyi Yang , Qingsong Wen , Xing Xie , Jindong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are reported to be partial to certain cultures owing to the training data dominance from the English corpora. Since multilingual cultural data are often expensive to collect, existing efforts handle this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Cheng Li , Mengzhou Chen , Jindong Wang , Sunayana Sitaram , Xing Xie

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in various tasks and applications. However, despite their wide capabilities, they are shown to lack cultural alignment \citep{ryan-etal-2024-unintended, alkhamissi-etal-2024-investigating} and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Pramit Sahoo , Maharaj Brahma , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

Large language models (LLMs) hold the potential to absorb and reflect personality traits and attitudes specified by users. In our study, we investigated this potential using robust psychometric measures. We adapted the most studied test in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Anton Vasiliuk , Irina Abdullaeva , Polina Druzhinina , Anton Razzhigaev , Andrey Kuznetsov

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to promote prosocial and constructive discourse online. Yet little is known about how these models negotiate and shape underlying values when reframing people's arguments on value-laden…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Farhana Shahid , Stella Zhang , Aditya Vashistha

The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across diverse cultural contexts necessitates a deeper understanding of LLMs' representations of different cultures. Prior work has focused on evaluating the cultural awareness of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haeun Yu , Seogyeong Jeong , Siddhesh Pawar , Jisu Shin , Jiho Jin , Junho Myung , Alice Oh , Isabelle Augenstein

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) can assist visually impaired people by describing images from their daily lives. Current evaluation datasets may not reflect diverse cultural user backgrounds or the situational context of this use case.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Antonia Karamolegkou , Phillip Rust , Yong Cao , Ruixiang Cui , Anders Søgaard , Daniel Hershcovich

A large number of studies rely on closed-style multiple-choice surveys to evaluate cultural alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs). In this work, we challenge this constrained evaluation paradigm and explore more realistic, unconstrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mohsinul Kabir , Ajwad Abrar , Sophia Ananiadou

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving various tasks, progressively evolving into general-purpose assistants. The increasing integration of LLMs into society has sparked interest in whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Hongyi Wang , Ying Cheng , Xiangliang Zhang , James Zou , Lichao Sun

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with mainstream human values and ethical norms is crucial for the safe and sustainable development of AI. Current value evaluation and alignment are constrained by Western cultural bias and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Ping Wu , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yuwei Wang , Yiting Dong , Yu Shi , Enmeng Lu , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming diverse fields and gaining increasing influence as human proxies. This development underscores the urgent need for evaluating value orientations and understanding of LLMs to ensure their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuanyi Ren , Haoran Ye , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Our study aims to identify behavior patterns in cultural values exhibited by large language models (LLMs). The studied variants include question ordering, prompting language, and model size. Our experiments reveal that each tested LLM can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Qishuai Zhong , Yike Yun , Aixin Sun