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"AI slop", that is, low-quality AI-generated content, is increasingly affecting software development, from generated code and pull requests to documentation and bug reports. However, there is limited empirical research on how developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sebastian Baltes , Marc Cheong , Christoph Treude

Technical Debt is a metaphor used to describe the situation in which long-term software artifact quality is traded for short-term goals in software projects. In recent years, the concept of self-admitted technical debt (SATD) was proposed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Shane McIntosh , Hideaki Hata , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

Auditability is defined as the capacity of AI systems to be independently assessed for compliance with ethical, legal, and technical standards throughout their lifecycle. The chapter explores how auditability is being formalized through…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Verma , Kirtan Padh , Eva Thelisson

Recent application programming interface (API) restrictions on major social media platforms challenge compliance with the EU Digital Services Act [20], which mandates data access for algorithmic transparency. We develop a structured audit…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Florian A. D. Burnat , Brittany I. Davidson

AI-assisted development tools enable rapid prototyping of services but often lack awareness of architectural constraints, infrastructure dependencies, and organizational standards required in production environments. Consequently, generated…

Technical debt happens when teams take shortcuts on software development to gain short-term benefits at the cost of making future changes more expensive. Previous results show that there is a misalignment between the prioritization done by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Rodrigo Rebouças de Almeida

With the advancement of AI models, more software systems are adopting AI as a component to facilitate automation. Pre-trained models (PTMs) have become a cornerstone of AI-based software, allowing for rapid integration and development with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haoyu Gao , Mansooreh Zahedi , Wenxin Jiang , Hong Yi Lin , James Davis , Christoph Treude

One of the most concrete measures to take towards meaningful AI accountability is to consequentially assess and report the systems' performance and impact. However, the practical nature of the "AI audit" ecosystem is muddled and imprecise,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Abeba Birhane , Ryan Steed , Victor Ojewale , Briana Vecchione , Inioluwa Deborah Raji

Technical Debt occurs when development teams favour short-term operability over long-term stability. Since this places software maintainability at risk, technical debt requires early attention to avoid paying for accumulated interest. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Abdulaziz Alhefdhi , Hoa Khanh Dam , Yusuf Sulistyo Nugroho , Hideaki Hata , Takashi Ishio , Aditya Ghose

The widespread diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems offers many opportunities to contribute to the well-being of individuals and the advancement of economies and societies. This diffusion is, however, closely accompanied…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-18 L. H. Nguyen , S. Lins , M. Renner , A. Sunyaev

As AI systems become integral to critical operations across industries and services, ensuring their reliability and safety is essential. We offer a framework that integrates established reliability and resilience engineering principles into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Saurabh Mishra , Anand Rao , Ramayya Krishnan , Bilal Ayyub , Amin Aria , Enrico Zio

As open-source AI software projects become an integral component in the AI software development, it is critical to develop a novel methods to ensure and measure the security of the open-source projects for developers. Code ownership,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jiawen Wen , Dong Yuan , Lei Ma , Huaming Chen

Background: The development of AI-enabled software heavily depends on AI model documentation, such as model cards, due to different domain expertise between software engineers and model developers. From an ethical standpoint, AI model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Haoyu Gao , Mansooreh Zahedi , Christoph Treude , Sarita Rosenstock , Marc Cheong

Despite the increasing development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, Requirements Engineering (RE) activities face challenges in this new data-intensive paradigm. We identified a lack of support for problem discovery within AI…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in recent years and represents a key technology that has a crucial impact on the economy and society. However, it is clear that AI and business models based on it can only reach…

Developers often leave behind clues in their code, admitting where it falls short, known as Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). In the world of Scientific Software (SSW), where innovation moves fast and collaboration is key, such debt is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Eric L. Melin , Ahmed Musa Awon , Nasir U. Eisty , Neil A. Ernst , Shurui Zhou

Serverless computing is a cloud execution model where developers run code, and the server management is handled by the cloud provider. Serverless computing is increasingly gaining popularity as more systems adopt it to enhance scalability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hasini Sumalee Perera , Zadia Codabux , Fabio Palomba

Tensions between AI Safety (AIS) and AI Ethics (AIE) have increasingly surfaced in AI governance and public debates about AI, leading to what we term the "responsible AI divides". We introduce a model that categorizes four modes of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bálint Gyevnár , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

This article examines the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) regulation in financial services, detailing the legal frameworks and compliance challenges posed by rapid technological adoption. By reviewing current legislation,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shahmar Mirishli

Artificial intelligence develops techniques and systems whose performance must be evaluated on a regular basis in order to certify and foster progress in the discipline. We will describe and critically assess the different ways AI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Jose Hernandez-Orallo