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With the abundance of industrial datasets, imbalanced classification has become a common problem in several application domains. Oversampling is an effective method to solve imbalanced classification. One of the main challenges of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Min Qian , Yan-Fu Li

Many machine learning classification tasks involve imbalanced datasets, which are often subject to over-sampling techniques aimed at improving model performance. However, these techniques are prone to generating unrealistic or infeasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Matheus Camilo da Silva , Gabriel Gustavo Costanzo , Andrea de Lorenzo , Sylvio Barbon Junior

Class imbalance problems manifest in domains such as financial fraud detection or network intrusion analysis, where the prevalence of one class is much higher than another. Typically, practitioners are more interested in predicting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Peter Xenopoulos

Objective: ML-based clinical risk prediction models are increasingly used to support decision-making in healthcare. While class-imbalance correction techniques are commonly applied to improve model performance in settings with rare…

Data imbalance remains one of the open challenges in the contemporary machine learning. It is especially prevalent in case of medical data, such as histopathological images. Traditional data-level approaches for dealing with data imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Michał Koziarski

Class-bias, that is class-wise performance disparities, is typically attributed to data imbalance and addressed through frequency-based resampling. However, we demonstrate that substantial bias persists even in perfectly balanced datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Pawel Pukowski , Venet Osmani

Two-class classification problems are often characterized by an imbalance between the number of majority and minority datapoints resulting in poor classification of the minority class in particular. Traditional approaches, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Class imbalance poses a challenge for developing unbiased, accurate predictive models. In particular, in image segmentation neural networks may overfit to the foreground samples from small structures, which are often heavily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zeju Li , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

Learning classifiers using skewed or imbalanced datasets can occasionally lead to classification issues; this is a serious issue. In some cases, one class contains the majority of examples while the other, which is frequently the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Satyendra Singh Rawat , Amit Kumar Mishra

Class imbalance in binary classification tasks remains a significant challenge in machine learning, often resulting in poor performance on minority classes. This study comprehensively evaluates three widely-used strategies for handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abhyuday Desai

Unbalanced tabular data sets present significant challenges for predictive modeling and data analysis across a wide range of applications. In many real-world scenarios, such as fraud detection, medical diagnosis, and rare event prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ivona Krchova , Michael Platzer , Paul Tiwald

Most state-of-the-art computer vision models heavily depend on data. However, many datasets exhibit extreme class imbalance which has been shown to negatively impact model performance. Among the training-time and data-generation solutions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Indu Panigrahi , Richard Zhu

Subsampling is one of the popular methods to balance statistical efficiency and computational efficiency in the big data era. Most approaches aim at selecting informative or representative sample points to achieve good overall information…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-10 Haolin Chen , Holger Dette , Jun Yu

While a broad range of techniques have been proposed to tackle distribution shift, the simple baseline of training on an $\textit{undersampled}$ balanced dataset often achieves close to state-of-the-art-accuracy across several popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Niladri S. Chatterji , Saminul Haque , Tatsunori Hashimoto

With the expansion of data availability, machine learning (ML) has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in both academia and industry. However, imbalanced data distributions are prevalent in various types of raw data and severely hinder the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Xinyi Gao , Dongting Xie , Yihang Zhang , Zhengren Wang , Chong Chen , Conghui He , Hongzhi Yin , Wentao Zhang

Supervised deep learning methods are enjoying enormous success in many practical applications of computer vision and have the potential to revolutionize robotics. However, the marked performance degradation to biases and imbalanced data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Aadarsh Sahoo , Ankit Singh , Rameswar Panda , Rogerio Feris , Abir Das

The accurate automated classification of variable stars into their respective sub-types is difficult. Machine learning based solutions often fall foul of the imbalanced learning problem, which causes poor generalisation performance in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 Zafiirah Hosenie , Robert Lyon , Benjamin Stappers , Arrykrishna Mootoovaloo , Vanessa McBride

In real-world classification problems, the class balance in the training dataset does not necessarily reflect that of the test dataset, which can cause significant estimation bias. If the class ratio of the test dataset is known, instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Marthinus Du Plessis , Masashi Sugiyama

We study the problem of learning classifiers that perform well across (known or unknown) groups of data. After observing that common worst-group-accuracy datasets suffer from substantial imbalances, we set out to compare state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Martin Arjovsky , Mohammad Pezeshki , David Lopez-Paz

We study class-imbalanced linear classification in a high-dimensional Gaussian mixture model. We develop a tight, closed form approximation for the test error of several practical learning methods, including logit adjustment and class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Eliav Mor , Yair Carmon
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