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In this paper, we study zeroth-order algorithms for minimax optimization problems that are nonconvex in one variable and strongly-concave in the other variable. Such minimax optimization problems have attracted significant attention lately…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-06 Zhongruo Wang , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Shiqian Ma , Meisam Razaviyayn

In this work, we propose a method for minimizing non-convex functions with Lipschitz continuous $p$th-order derivatives, starting from $p \geq 1$. The method, however, only requires derivative information up to order $(p-1)$, since the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Nikita Doikov , Geovani Nunes Grapiglia

In this paper we present necessary and sufficient conditions (in terms of {\L}ojasiewicz inequalities) for the stability of local minimum points in smooth unconstrained optimization. In particular, we derive a sufficient condition for which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Tien-Son Pham

This paper deals with the black-box optimization problem. In this setup, we do not have access to the gradient of the objective function, therefore, we need to estimate it somehow. We propose a new type of approximation JAGUAR, that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Andrey Veprikov , Aleksandr Bogdanov , Vladislav Minashkin , Aleksandr Beznosikov

We consider the problem of minimizing a high-dimensional objective function, which may include a regularization term, using (possibly noisy) evaluations of the function. Such optimization is also called derivative-free, zeroth-order, or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-20 HanQin Cai , Daniel Mckenzie , Wotao Yin , Zhenliang Zhang

Consider an oracle which takes a point $x$ and returns the minimizer of a convex function $f$ in an $\ell_2$ ball of radius $r$ around $x$. It is straightforward to show that roughly $r^{-1}\log\frac{1}{\epsilon}$ calls to the oracle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Yair Carmon , Arun Jambulapati , Qijia Jiang , Yujia Jin , Yin Tat Lee , Aaron Sidford , Kevin Tian

Zeroth-order methods are extensively used in machine learning applications where gradients are infeasible or expensive to compute, such as black-box attacks, reinforcement learning, and language model fine-tuning. Existing optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Liang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Kiran Koshy Thekumparampil , Sewoong Oh , Michael Muehlebach , Niao He

In this short note, we consider the problem of solving a min-max zero-sum game. This problem has been extensively studied in the convex-concave regime where the global solution can be computed efficiently. Recently, there have also been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-11 Maziar Sanjabi , Meisam Razaviyayn , Jason D. Lee

Recent applications in machine learning have renewed the interest of the community in min-max optimization problems. While gradient-based optimization methods are widely used to solve such problems, there are however many scenarios where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Aurelien Lucchi , Youssef Diouane

Second-order methods, which utilize gradients as well as Hessians to optimize a given function, are of major importance in mathematical optimization. In this work, we prove tight bounds on the oracle complexity of such methods for smooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Yossi Arjevani , Ohad Shamir , Ron Shiff

In this paper, we prove new complexity bounds for zeroth-order methods in non-convex optimization with inexact observations of the objective function values. We use the Gaussian smoothing approach of Nesterov and Spokoiny [2015] and extend…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Innokentiy Shibaev , Pavel Dvurechensky , Alexander Gasnikov

A central tool for understanding first-order optimization algorithms is the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality. Standard approaches to such methods rely crucially on this inequality to leverage sufficient decrease conditions involving gradients…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Adrian S. Lewis , Tonghua Tian

Several optimization schemes have been known for convex optimization problems. However, numerical algorithms for solving nonconvex optimization problems are still underdeveloped. A progress to go beyond convexity was made by considering the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-29 Nguyen Thai An , Nguyen Mau Nam

Zeroth-order optimization (ZO) has been a powerful framework for solving black-box problems, which estimates gradients using zeroth-order data to update variables iteratively. The practical applicability of ZO critically depends on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Ruiyang Jin , Yuke Zhou , Yujie Tang , Jie Song , Siyang Gao

In 1963, Polyak proposed a simple condition that is sufficient to show a global linear convergence rate for gradient descent. This condition is a special case of the \L{}ojasiewicz inequality proposed in the same year, and it does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Hamed Karimi , Julie Nutini , Mark Schmidt

The partial least squares (PLS) is a popular modeling technique commonly used in social sciences. The traditional PLS algorithm deals with variables measured on interval scales while data are often collected on ordinal scales: a…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-21 Gabriele Cantaluppi

Motivated by emerging applications in machine learning, we consider an optimization problem in a general form where the gradient of the objective function is available through a biased stochastic oracle. We assume a bias-control parameter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Yin Liu , Sam Davanloo Tajbakhsh

We consider max-min and min-max problems with objective functions that are possibly non-smooth, submodular with respect to the minimiser and concave with respect to the maximiser. We investigate the performance of a zeroth-order method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Amir Ali Farzin , Yuen-Man Pun , Philipp Braun , Tyler Summers , Iman Shames

This paper considers zeroth-order optimization for stochastic convex minimization problem. We propose a parameter-free stochastic zeroth-order method (POEM) by introducing a step-size scheme based on the distance over finite difference and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Kunjie Ren , Luo Luo

We consider the global minimization of smooth functions based solely on function evaluations. Algorithms that achieve the optimal number of function evaluations for a given precision level typically rely on explicitly constructing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-23 Alessandro Rudi , Ulysse Marteau-Ferey , Francis Bach