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Large language models have the ability to generate text that mimics patterns in their inputs. We introduce a simple Markov Chain sequence modeling task in order to study how this in-context learning (ICL) capability emerges. In our setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Benjamin L. Edelman , Ezra Edelman , Surbhi Goel , Eran Malach , Nikolaos Tsilivis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their In-Context Learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling few-shot learning without the need for gradient updates. Despite its advantages, the effectiveness of ICL heavily depends on the choice of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Vinay M. S. , Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Vision-language models such as CLIP achieve strong visual-textual alignment, but often suffer from overfitting and limited interpretability when adapted through continuous prompt learning. While discrete prompt optimization improves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yating Wang , Yaqi Zhao , Yongshun Gong , Yilong Yin , Haoliang Sun

This abstract aims at presenting an ongoing effort to apply a novel typing mechanism stemming from Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC), that tracks dependencies between variables in three different ways, at different stages of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Clément Aubert , Thomas Rubiano , Neea Rusch , Thomas Seiller

Image compositions are helpful in the study of image structures and assist in discovering the semantics of the underlying scene portrayed across art forms and styles. With the digitization of artworks in recent years, thousands of images of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Prathmesh Madhu , Tilman Marquart , Ronak Kosti , Dirk Suckow , Peter Bell , Andreas Maier , Vincent Christlein

In-context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for performing natural language tasks with Large Language Models (LLM) without updating the models' parameters, in contrast to the traditional gradient-based finetuning. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Georgios Chochlakis , Alexandros Potamianos , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

With the flourishing of social media platforms, vision-language pre-training (VLP) recently has received great attention and many remarkable progresses have been achieved. The success of VLP largely benefits from the information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhiyuan Ma , Jianjun Li , Guohui Li , Kaiyan Huang

Universal models for medical image segmentation, such as interactive and in-context learning (ICL) models, offer strong generalization but require extensive annotations. Interactive models need repeated user prompts for each image, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jiesi Hu , Yanwu Yang , Zhiyu Ye , Jinyan Zhou , Jianfeng Cao , Hanyang Peng , Ting Ma

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Visual In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a promising research area due to its capability to accomplish various tasks with limited example pairs through analogical reasoning. However, training-based visual ICL has limitations in its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zheng Gu , Shiyuan Yang , Jing Liao , Jing Huo , Yang Gao

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to solve novel tasks without weight updates. Despite its empirical success, the mechanism behind ICL remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to interpret, improve, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chengye Li , Haiyun Liu , Yuanxi Li

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) models benefit significantly from semantic information, which allows them to treat different types of objects distinctly. Currently, leveraging semantic information to enhance IQA is a crucial research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Wensheng Pan , Timin Gao , Yan Zhang , Runze Hu , Xiawu Zheng , Enwei Zhang , Yuting Gao , Yutao Liu , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Shengchuan Zhang , Liujuan Cao , Rongrong Ji

In this paper, we introduce the Interpretable Cross-Examination Technique (ICE-T), a novel approach that leverages structured multi-prompt techniques with Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve classification performance over zero-shot and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Goran Muric , Ben Delay , Steven Minton

In the field of machine reading comprehension (MRC), existing systems have surpassed the average performance of human beings in many tasks like SQuAD. However, there is still a long way to go when it comes to logical reasoning. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Zihang Xu , Ziqing Yang , Yiming Cui , Shijin Wang

Large-scale neural language models exhibit a remarkable capacity for in-context learning (ICL): they can infer novel functions from datasets provided as input. Most of our current understanding of when and how ICL arises comes from LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ekin Akyürek , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , Jacob Andreas

This work presents a novel representation learning framework, *interaction-world* latent (IWoL), to facilitate *team coordination* in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Building effective representation for team coordination is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dongsu Lee , Daehee Lee , Yaru Niu , Honguk Woo , Amy Zhang , Ding Zhao

Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a major area in the field of mathematical expression recognition. Offline HMER is often viewed as a much harder problem as compared to online HMER due to a lack of temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Ujjwal Thakur , Anuj Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit In-Context Learning (ICL), which enables the model to perform new tasks conditioning only on the examples provided in the context without updating the model's weights. While ICL offers fast adaptation…

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to learn from a few examples provided in the prompt, enabling downstream generalization without the requirement for gradient updates. Despite encouragingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Haitao Mao , Guangliang Liu , Yao Ma , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Johnson , Jiliang Tang

Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets, have emerged as the preferred approach due to their high generalizability across various tasks. In-context learning (ICL), a popular strategy in natural language processing, uses such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Jiahao Zhang , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara