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A novel, non-trivial, probabilistic upper bound on the entropy of an unknown one-dimensional distribution, given the support of the distribution and a sample from that distribution, is presented. No knowledge beyond the support of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Joseph DeStefano , Erik Learned-Miller

A pair of lower and upper cumulative distribution functions, also called probability box or p-box, is among the most popular models used in imprecise probability theory. They arise naturally in expert elicitation, for instance in cases…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-10 Matthias C. M. Troffaes , Sebastien Destercke

This paper considers the generation of prediction intervals (PIs) by neural networks for quantifying uncertainty in regression tasks. It is axiomatic that high-quality PIs should be as narrow as possible, whilst capturing a specified…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-10 Tim Pearce , Mohamed Zaki , Alexandra Brintrup , Andy Neely

Possible parameter values in a random sampling model are shown by definition to have uniform base-rate prior probabilities. This allows a frequentist posterior probability distribution to be calculated for such possible parameter values…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-02-14 Huw Llewelyn

The sample compression theory provides generalization guarantees for predictors that can be fully defined using a subset of the training dataset and a (short) message string, generally defined as a binary sequence. Previous works provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Mathieu Bazinet , Valentina Zantedeschi , Pascal Germain

Many testing problems are readily amenable to randomised tests such as those employing data splitting. However despite their usefulness in principle, randomised tests have obvious drawbacks. Firstly, two analyses of the same dataset may…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 F. Richard Guo , Rajen D. Shah

The randomized $p$-value, (nonrandomized) mid-$p$-value and abstract randomized $p$-value have all been recommended for testing a null hypothesis whenever the test statistic has a discrete distribution. This paper provides a unifying…

Computation · Statistics 2014-12-02 Joshua D Habiger

In an interesting recent work, Kuzborskij and Szepesv\'ari derived a confidence bound for functions of independent random variables, which is based on an inequality that relates concentration to squared perturbations of the chosen function.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Omar Rivasplata

The notion of p-value is a fundamental concept in statistical inference and has been widely used for reporting outcomes of hypothesis tests. However, p-value is often misinterpreted, misused or miscommunicated in practice. Part of the issue…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-03 Sifan Liu , Regina Liu , Min-ge Xie

Hypothesis tests calibrated by (re)sampling methods (such as permutation, rank and bootstrap tests) are useful tools for statistical analysis, at the computational cost of requiring Monte-Carlo sampling for calibration. It is common and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-30 Ivo V. Stoepker , Rui M. Castro

Recent likelihood theory produces $p$-values that have remarkable accuracy and wide applicability. The calculations use familiar tools such as maximum likelihood values (MLEs), observed information and parameter rescaling. The usual…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-02-08 M. Bédard , D. A. S. Fraser , A. Wong

Posterior predictive p-values are a common approach to Bayesian model-checking. This article analyses their frequency behaviour, that is, their distribution when the parameters and the data are drawn from the prior and the model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-31 Patrick Rubin-Delanchy , Daniel John Lawson

Handling multiplicity without losing much power has been a persistent challenge in various fields that often face the necessity of managing numerous statistical tests simultaneously. Recently, $p$-value combination methods based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Yeonwoo Rho

In this paper, I try to tame "Basu's elephants" (data with extreme selection on observables). I propose new practical large-sample and finite-sample methods for estimating and inferring heterogeneous causal effects (under unconfoundedness)…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-20 Ganesh Karapakula

This paper introduces the notion of probabilistic zero bounds for random polynomials. It presents new results regarding the probabilistic bounds of random polynomials whose coefficients are independently and identically distributed as…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Sajad A. Sheikh , Mohammad Ibrahim Mir

We theoretically analyze the problem of testing for $p$-hacking based on distributions of $p$-values across multiple studies. We provide general results for when such distributions have testable restrictions (are non-increasing) under the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-13 Graham Elliott , Nikolay Kudrin , Kaspar Wuthrich

A sharp, distribution free, non-asymptotic result is proved for the concentration of a random function around the mean function, when the randomization is generated by a finite sequence of independent data and the random functions satisfy…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Thomas Anton , Sutanuka Roy , Rabee Tourky

The aim of this paper is to establish Hoeffding and Bernstein type concentration inequalities for weighted sums of exchangeable random variables. A special case is the i.i.d. setting, where random variables are sampled independently from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-11 Rina Foygel Barber

Estimates are constructed for the deviation of the concentration functions of sums of independent random variables with finite variances from the folded normal distribution function without any assumptions concerning the existence of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-11 V. Yu. Korolev , A. V. Dorofeeva

In this paper, we address conditional testing problems through the conformal inference framework. We define the localized conformal p-values by inverting prediction intervals and prove their theoretical properties. These defined p-values…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-26 Xiaoyang Wu , Lin Lu , Zhaojun Wang , Changliang Zou