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Active learning (AL) is a widely-used training strategy for maximizing predictive performance subject to a fixed annotation budget. In AL one iteratively selects training examples for annotation, often those for which the current model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 David Lowell , Zachary C. Lipton , Byron C. Wallace

Active learning (AL) concerns itself with learning a model from as few labelled data as possible through actively and iteratively querying an oracle with selected unlabelled samples. In this paper, we focus on analyzing a popular type of AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Minjie Xu , Gary Kazantsev

We propose a general purpose active learning algorithm for structured prediction, gathering labeled data for training a model that outputs a set of related labels for an image or video. Active learning starts with a limited initial training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-16 Mehran Khodabandeh , Zhiwei Deng , Mostafa S. Ibrahim , Shinichi Satoh , Greg Mori

Supervised machine learning and deep learning require a large amount of labeled data, which data scientists obtain in a manual, and time-consuming annotation process. To mitigate this challenge, Active Learning (AL) proposes promising data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Philipp Kohl , Nils Freyer , Yoka Krämer , Henri Werth , Steffen Wolf , Bodo Kraft , Matthias Meinecke , Albert Zündorf

Training practical agents usually involve offline and online reinforcement learning (RL) to balance the policy's performance and interaction costs. In particular, online fine-tuning has become a commonly used method to correct the erroneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Qisen Yang , Shenzhi Wang , Matthieu Gaetan Lin , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Active learning (AL) has shown promise for being a particularly data-efficient machine learning approach. Yet, its performance depends on the application and it is not clear when AL practitioners can expect computational savings. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Kunal Ghosh , Milica Todorović , Aki Vehtari , Patrick Rinke

Real-world training data is often noisy; for example, human annotators assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm that allows training classifiers in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

This paper introduces the QMDP-net, a neural network architecture for planning under partial observability. The QMDP-net combines the strengths of model-free learning and model-based planning. It is a recurrent policy network, but it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Peter Karkus , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Active learning (AL) algorithms may achieve better performance with fewer data because the model guides the data selection process. While many algorithms have been proposed, there is little study on what the optimal AL algorithm looks like,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Yilun Zhou , Adithya Renduchintala , Xian Li , Sida Wang , Yashar Mehdad , Asish Ghoshal

Active Learning (AL) deals with identifying the most informative samples for labeling to reduce data annotation costs for supervised learning tasks. AL research suffers from the fact that lifts from literature generalize poorly and that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Thorben Werner , Johannes Burchert , Maximilian Stubbemann , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

This paper deals with optimal policy learning (OPL) with observational data, i.e. data-driven optimal decision-making, in multi-action (or multi-arm) settings, where a finite set of decision options is available. It is organized in three…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-01 Giovanni Cerulli

Continual Learning (CL) aims to incrementally acquire new knowledge while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Within this setting, Online Continual Learning (OCL) focuses on updating models promptly and incrementally from single or small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Giovanni Donghi , Luca Pasa , Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi , Nicolò Navarin

We consider a learning agent in a partially observable environment, with which the agent has never interacted before, and about which it learns both what it can observe and how its actions affect the environment. The agent can learn about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Thomas Bolander , Nina Gierasimczuk , Andrés Occhipinti Liberman

We consider online learning problems under a partial observability model capturing situations where the information conveyed to the learner is between full information and bandit feedback. In the simplest variant, we assume that in addition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tomas Kocak , Gergely Neu , Michal Valko , Remi Munos

Online Continual Learning (OCL) studies learning over a continuous data stream without observing any single example more than once, a setting that is closer to the experience of humans and systems that must learn "on-the-wild". Yet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Germán Kruszewski , Ionut-Teodor Sorodoc , Tomas Mikolov

This paper considers a network of agents, where each agent is assumed to take actions optimally with respect to a predefined payoff function involving the latest actions of the agent's neighbors. Neighborhood relationships stem from payoff…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Sadegh Arefizadeh , Sadjaad Ozgoli , Sadegh Bolouki , Tamer Başar

Active learning (AL) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) in which a learning algorithm could achieve good accuracy with less training samples by interactively querying a user/oracle to label new data points. Pool-based AL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Xueying Zhan , Antoni Bert Chan

In applications of offline reinforcement learning to observational data, such as in healthcare or education, a general concern is that observed actions might be affected by unobserved factors, inducing confounding and biasing estimates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus

Constructing datasets representative of the target domain is essential for training effective machine learning models. Active learning (AL) is a promising method that iteratively extends training data to enhance model performance while…

Despite the vast body of literature on Active Learning (AL), there is no comprehensive and open benchmark allowing for efficient and simple comparison of proposed samplers. Additionally, the variability in experimental settings across the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 W. Jonas , A. Abraham , L. Dreyfus-Schmidt