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Information theory provides a mathematical foundation to measure uncertainty in belief. Belief is represented by a probability distribution that captures our understanding of an outcome's plausibility. Information measures based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Jed A. Duersch , Thomas A. Catanach

Mutual information is widely used, in a descriptive way, to measure the stochastic dependence of categorical random variables. In order to address questions such as the reliability of the descriptive value, one must consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Marcus Hutter , Marco Zaffalon

Information theory is an outstanding framework to measure uncertainty, dependence and relevance in data and systems. It has several desirable properties for real world applications: it naturally deals with multivariate data, it can handle…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Valero Laparra , J. Emmanuel Johnson , Gustau Camps-Valls , Raul Santos-Rodríguez , Jesus Malo

We introduce two new classes of measures of information for statistical experiments which generalise and subsume $\phi$-divergences, integral probability metrics, $\mathfrak{N}$-distances (MMD), and $(f,\Gamma)$ divergences between two or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Robert C. Williamson , Zac Cranko

We model continuous-time information flows generated by a number of information sources that switch on and off at random times. By modulating a multi-dimensional L\'evy random bridge over a random point field, our framework relates the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Edward Hoyle , Andrea Macrina , Levent A. Mengütürk

In this work we present a new method for the estimation of Mutual Information (MI) between random variables. Our approach is based on an original interpretation of the Girsanov theorem, which allows us to use score-based diffusion models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Giulio Franzese , Mustapha Bounoua , Pietro Michiardi

Fano's inequality is one of the most elementary, ubiquitous, and important tools in information theory. Using majorization theory, Fano's inequality is generalized to a broad class of information measures, which contains those of Shannon…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yuta Sakai

Mutual information is fundamentally important for measuring statistical dependence between variables and for quantifying information transfer by signaling and communication mechanisms. It can, however, be challenging to evaluate for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Clive G. Bowsher , Margaritis Voliotis

$H$-mutual information ($H$-MI) is a wide class of information leakage measures, where $H=(\eta, F)$ is a pair of monotonically increasing function $\eta$ and a concave function $F$, which is a generalization of Shannon entropy. $H$-MI is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Akira Kamatsuka , Koki Kazama , Takahiro Yoshida

We derive independence tests by means of dependence measures thresholding in a semiparametric context. Precisely, estimates of phi-mutual informations, associated to phi-divergences between a joint distribution and the product distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-20 Amor Keziou , Philippe Regnault

In this paper we focus on the estimation of mutual information from finite samples $(\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal{Y})$. The main concern with estimations of mutual information is their robustness under the class of transformations for which it…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-02-04 Nicholas Carrara , Jesse Ernst

In this paper, one investigates the following type of transportation-information $T_cI$ inequalities: $\alpha(T_c(\nu,\mu))\le I(\nu|\mu)$ for all probability measures $\nu$ on some metric space $(\XX, d)$, where $\mu$ is a given…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-04-13 Arnaud Guillin , Christian Leonard , Liming Wu , Nian Yao

Given finite-dimensional random vectors $Y$, $X$, and $Z$ that form a Markov chain in that order (i.e., $Y \to X \to Z$), we derive upper bounds on the excess minimum risk using generalized information divergence measures. Here, $Y$ is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ananya Omanwar , Fady Alajaji , Tamás Linder

Information theory plays an indispensable role in the development of algorithm-independent impossibility results, both for communication problems and for seemingly distinct areas such as statistics and machine learning. While numerous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Jonathan Scarlett , Volkan Cevher

There are many information and divergence measures exist in the literature on information theory and statistics. The most famous among them are Kullback-Leibler (1951) relative information and Jeffreys (1951) J-divergence. Sibson (1969)…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Inder Jeet Taneja

The mutual information is a measure of classical and quantum correlations of great interest in quantum information. It is also relevant in quantum many-body physics, by virtue of satisfying an area law for thermal states and bounding all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Samuel O. Scalet , Álvaro M. Alhambra , Georgios Styliaris , J. Ignacio Cirac

This paper examines how an event from one random variable provides pointwise mutual information about an event from another variable via probability mass exclusions. We start by introducing probability mass diagrams, which provide a visual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Conor Finn , Joseph T Lizier

Estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution from which we have only observed a small sample is challenging. Estimating other information-theoretic metrics, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two sparsely sampled…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-02-24 Angelo Piga , Lluc Font-Pomarol , Marta Sales-Pardo , Roger Guimerà

In this work, we connect the problem of bounding the expected generalisation error with transportation-cost inequalities. Exposing the underlying pattern behind both approaches we are able to generalise them and go beyond Kullback-Leibler…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Amedeo Roberto Esposito , Michael Gastpar

Mutual information is commonly used as a measure of similarity between competing labelings of a given set of objects, for example to quantify performance in classification and community detection tasks. As argued recently, however, the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Maximilian Jerdee , Alec Kirkley , M. E. J. Newman