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During the past few years, mostly as a result of the GDPR and the CCPA, websites have started to present users with cookie consent banners. These banners are web forms where the users can state their preference and declare which cookies…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Recommendation as a service has improved the quality of our lives and plays a significant role in variant aspects. However, the preference of users may reveal some sensitive information, so that the protection of privacy is required. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Cheng Guo , Jing Jia , Peng Wang , Jing Zhang

To what extent are users surveilled on the web, by what technologies, and by whom? We answer these questions by combining passively observed, anonymized browsing data of a large, representative sample of Americans with domain-level data on…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-01 Lucas Shen , Gaurav Sood

Third-party web cookies are often used for privacy-invasive behavior tracking. Partly due to privacy concerns, browser vendors have started to block all third-party cookies in recent years. To understand the effects of such third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Maxwell Lin , Shihan Lin , Helen Wu , Karen Wang , Xiaowei Yang

Popular social media platforms TikTok, Facebook and Instagram allow third-parties to run targeted advertising campaigns on sensitive attributes in-platform. These ads are interactive by default, meaning users can comment or ``react'' (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Julia B. Kieserman , Athanasios Andreou , Laura Edelson , Sandra Siby , Damon McCoy

Personalized recommendation systems tailor content based on user attributes, which are either provided or inferred from private data. Research suggests that users often hypothesize about reasons behind contents they encounter (e.g., "I see…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Chaoran Chen , Leyang Li , Luke Cao , Yanfang Ye , Tianshi Li , Yaxing Yao , Toby Jia-jun Li

Profiling users for the purpose of targeted advertisements or other kinds of personalization is very popular on the internet. But besides the benefits of individually tailored news feeds and shopping recommendation research has shown that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Martin Degeling , Thomas Herrmann

Major advertising platforms recently increased privacy protections by limiting advertisers' access to individual-level data. Instead of providing access to granular raw data, the platforms only allow a limited number of aggregate queries to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Anya Shchetkina

The Topics API for the web is Google's privacy-enhancing alternative to replace third-party cookies. Results of prior work have led to an ongoing discussion between Google and research communities about the capability of Topics to trade off…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yohan Beugin , Patrick McDaniel

The vision for 6G extends beyond mere communication, incorporating sensing capabilities to facilitate a diverse array of novel applications and services. However, the advent of joint communication and sensing (JCAS) technology introduces…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Prajnamaya Dass , Sonika Ujjwal , Jiri Novotny , Yevhen Zolotavkin , Zakaria Laaroussi , Stefan Köpsell

Privacy regulations have led to many websites showing cookie banners to their users. Usually, cookie banners present the user with the option to "accept" or "reject" cookies. Recently, a new form of paywall-like cookie banner has taken hold…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ali Rasaii , Devashish Gosain , Oliver Gasser

Web tracking by ad networks, social networks, and other third parties is privacy-invasive. To protect users' privacy an increasing number of countries are adopting new privacy laws. However, a major reason why their application on the web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Harry Yu , Patton Yin , Sebastian Zimmeck

Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) represent a critical operational challenge for the online advertising industry, requiring substantial infrastructure investment while promising improved consumer privacy protection. Even when PETs may…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-22 Kinshuk Jerath , Klaus M. Miller , D. Daniel Sokol

While advertising has become commonplace in today's online interactions, there is a notable dearth of research investigating the extent to which browser fingerprinting is harnessed for user tracking and targeted advertising. Prior studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Zengrui Liu , Jimmy Dani , Yinzhi Cao , Shujiang Wu , Nitesh Saxena

In the last decade, the advertisement market spread significantly in the web and mobile app system. Its effectiveness is also due thanks to the possibility to target the advertisement on the specific interests of the actual user, other than…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mauro Conti , Vittoria Cozza , Marinella Petrocchi , Angelo Spognardi

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bluetooth-based contact tracing has been deployed in many countries with the help of the developers of smartphone operating systems that provide APIs for privacy-preserving exposure notification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Kenji Saito , Mitsuru Iwamura

This white paper presents an analysis done by the MAMI project of the privacy and security concerns surrounding middlebox cooperation protocols (MCPs), based on our experimental experience with the Path Layer UDP Substrate (PLUS) proposal.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Thomas Fossati , Roman Muentener , Stephan Neuhaus , Brian Trammell

A dominant regulatory model for web privacy is "notice and choice". In this model, users are notified of data collection and provided with options to control it. To examine the efficacy of this approach, this study presents the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Timothy Libert

With mobile applications and associated services becoming increasingly popular, concerns are being raised about private data leakages have raised. Previous solutions to this well-known set of problems have approached it from the ground up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Seyedmostafa Safavi , Zarina Shukur

Stateful and stateless web tracking gathered much attention in the last decade, however they were always measured separately. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to detect and measure cookie respawning with browser and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Imane Fouad , Cristiana Santos , Arnaud Legout , Nataliia Bielova