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Simulation is an indispensable tool in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles (AVs), offering an efficient and safe alternative to road testing. An outstanding challenge with simulation-based testing is the generation of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peide Huang , Wenhao Ding , Benjamin Stoler , Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Ding Zhao

With continuous advancements in science and technology, there is increasing focus on environmental sustainability, leading to heightened interest in autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). AEVs hold significant potential for enhancing electric…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Qasim Ajao , Lanre Sadeeq

With the increasing safety validation requirements for the release of a self-driving car, alternative approaches, such as simulation-based testing, are emerging in addition to conventional real-world testing. In order to rely on virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Many organizations are developing autonomous driving systems, which are expected to be deployed at a large scale in the near future. Despite this, there is a lack of agreement on appropriate methods to test, debug, and certify the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos , Hisahiro Ito , James Kapinski

The rapid development of autonomous vehicles has led to a surge in testing demand. Traditional testing methods, such as virtual simulation, closed-course, and public road testing, face several challenges, including unrealistic vehicle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yiming Cui , Shiyu Fang , Jiarui Zhang , Yan Huang , Chengkai Xu , Bing Zhu , Hao Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Safe and smooth interacting with other vehicles is one of the ultimate goals of driving automation. However, recent reports of demonstrative deployments of automated vehicles (AVs) indicate that AVs are still difficult to meet the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Daofei Li , Ao Liu , Hao Pan , Wentao Chen

The connected vehicle technology is a remarkable trend in the field of the intelligent transportation system. Since the actual deployment of the connected vehicle system is still lacking hitherto, simulation is widely adopted as the major…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Weitong Zhang , Shuai Liu , Daoya Yao

In this paper, we present ViSTA, a framework for Virtual Scenario-based Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), developed as part of the 2021 IEEE Autonomous Test Driving AI Test Challenge. Scenario-based virtual testing aims to construct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Mohamed Azhar , Jing Yew Yap , James Lee Wei Shung , Roshan Vijay

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

Real-world evaluation of perception-based planning models for robotic systems, such as autonomous vehicles, can be safely and inexpensively conducted offline, i.e. by computing model prediction error over a pre-collected validation dataset…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Animikh Aich , Adwait Kulkarni , Eshed Ohn-Bar

This paper proposes an extensive overview of safety applications and approaches as it relates to automated driving from the prospectives of sensor configurations, vehicle dynamics modelling, tyre modeling, and estimation approaches. First,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Hazem Fahmy , Sabita Mahrajan

The safety of autonomous vehicles (AV) has been a long-standing top concern, stemming from the absence of rare and safety-critical scenarios in the long-tail naturalistic driving distribution. To tackle this challenge, a surge of research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Haoyi Niu , Yizhou Xu , Xingjian Jiang , Jianming Hu

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

Autonomous vehicle (AV) planners must undergo rigorous evaluation before widespread deployment on public roads, particularly to assess their robustness against the uncertainty of human behaviors. While recent advancements in data-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Augusto Mondelli , Yueshan Li , Alessandro Zanardi , Emilio Frazzoli

We tackle the problem of producing realistic simulations of LiDAR point clouds, the sensor of preference for most self-driving vehicles. We argue that, by leveraging real data, we can simulate the complex world more realistically compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sivabalan Manivasagam , Shenlong Wang , Kelvin Wong , Wenyuan Zeng , Mikita Sazanovich , Shuhan Tan , Bin Yang , Wei-Chiu Ma , Raquel Urtasun

This work introduces a framework to diagnose the strengths and shortcomings of Autonomous Vehicle (AV) collision avoidance technology with synthetic yet realistic potential collision scenarios adapted from real-world, collision-free data.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Robert Dyro , Matthew Foutter , Ruolin Li , Luigi Di Lillo , Edward Schmerling , Xilin Zhou , Marco Pavone

Comprehensive and efficient validation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is critical prior to real-world deployment. While simulation-based testing offers scalability, existing approaches often lack seamless integration with real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kanglong Quan , Zhebing Xia , Linfeng Jiang , Hao Yu , Ziheng Qiao , Dapeng Dong , Dongyao Jia

Simulation plays a crucial role in the rapid development and safe deployment of autonomous vehicles. Realistic traffic agent models are indispensable for bridging the gap between simulation and the real world. Many existing approaches for…