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With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have significantly advanced in real-world deployment in recent years, yet safety continues to be a critical barrier to widespread adoption. Traditional functional safety approaches, which primarily verify the…

There have been major developments in Automated Driving (AD) and Driving Assist Systems (ADAS) in recent years. However, their safety assurance, thus methodologies for testing, verification and validation AD/ADAS safety-critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hasan Esen , Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao

The widescale deployment of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) appears to be imminent despite many safety challenges that are yet to be resolved. It is well-known that there are no universally agreed Verification and Validation (VV) methodologies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Recently, autonomous driving development ignited competition among car makers and technical corporations. Low-level automation cars are already commercially available. But high automated vehicles where the vehicle drives by itself without…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Hengyu Zhao , Yubo Zhang , Pingfan Meng , Hui Shi , Li Erran Li , Tiancheng Lou , Jishen Zhao

Autonomous driving vehicles provide a vast potential for realizing use cases in the on-road and off-road domains. Consequently, remarkable solutions exist to autonomous systems' environmental perception and control. Nevertheless, proof of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Patrick Wolf

Ensuring the safe and efficient operation of CAVs relies heavily on the software framework used. A software framework needs to ensure real-time properties, reliable communication, and efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, a software…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-07 David Klüner , Simon Schäfer , Lucas Hegerath , Jianye Xu , Julius Kahle , Hazem Ibrahim , Alexandru Kampmann , Bassam Alrifaee

Conditional imitation learning (CIL) trains deep neural networks, in an end-to-end manner, to mimic human driving. This approach has demonstrated suitable vehicle control when following roads, avoiding obstacles, or taking specific turns at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Hesham M. Eraqi , Mohamed N. Moustafa , Jens Honer

Context: Simulation-based testing is a cost-efficient alternative to field testing for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), but generating safety-critical test cases is challenging due to the vast search space. Prior work has studied static (road…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Christian Birchler , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti , Sebastiano Panichella

With the growing technological advances in autonomous driving, the transport industry and research community seek to determine the impact that autonomous vehicles (AV) will have on consumers, as well as identify the different factors that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Walter Morales Alvarez , Nikita Smirnov , Elmar Matthes , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

3D virtual simulation, which generates diversified test scenarios and tests full-stack of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSes) modules dynamically as a whole, is a promising approach for Safety of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) ADS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Lehang Li , Haokuan Wu , Botao Yao , Tianyu He , Shuohan Huang , Chuanyi Liu

Self-driving technology is expected to revolutionize different sectors and is seen as the natural evolution of road vehicles. In the last years, real-world validation of designed and virtually tested solutions is growing in importance since…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Stefano Arrigoni , Simone Mentasti , Federico Cheli , Matteo Matteucci , Francesco Braghin

We present a versatile NeRF-based simulator for testing autonomous driving (AD) software systems, designed with a focus on sensor-realistic closed-loop evaluation and the creation of safety-critical scenarios. The simulator learns from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 William Ljungbergh , Adam Tonderski , Joakim Johnander , Holger Caesar , Kalle Åström , Michael Felsberg , Christoffer Petersson

As a part of the digital transformation, we interact with more and more intelligent gadgets. Today, these gadgets are often mobile devices, but in the advent of smart cities, more and more infrastructure---such as traffic and buildings---in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Francesco Concas , Jukka K. Nurminen , Tommi Mikkonen , Sasu Tarkoma

As the development of autonomous driving (AD) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) progresses, the relevance of the comfort of users is gaining increasing interest. It becomes significant to test and validate perceived comfort…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Felix Bognar , Markus Oster , Herman Van der Auweraer , Tong Duy Son

With increasing complexity of Automated Driving Systems (ADS), ensuring their safety and reliability has become a critical challenge. The Verification and Validation (V&V) of these systems are particularly demanding when AI components are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Srajan Goyal , Alberto Griggio , Jacob Kimblad , Stefano Tonetta

Simulation is an integral part in the process of developing autonomous vehicles and advantageous for training, validation, and verification of driving functions. Even though simulations come with a series of benefits compared to real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ferdinand Mütsch , Helen Gremmelmaier , Nicolas Becker , Daniel Bogdoll , Marc René Zofka , J. Marius Zöllner

Discovering potential failures of an autonomous system is important prior to deployment. Falsification-based methods are often used to assess the safety of such systems, but the cost of running many accurate simulation can be high. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Marc R. Schlichting , Nina V. Boord , Anthony L. Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

In vehicle dynamics control, engineering a suitable regulator is a long and costly process. The starting point is usually the design of a nominal controller based on a simple control-oriented model and its testing on a full-fledged…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-24 Federico Dettù , Simone Formentin , Sergio Matteo Savaresi
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