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In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jens Braband , Hendrik Schäbe

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

There is a rising interest in using artificial intelligence (AI)-powered safety analytics to predict accidents in the trucking industry. Companies may face the practical challenge, however, of not having enough data to develop good safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Kailai Sun , Tianxiang Lan , Say Hong Kam , Yang Miang Goh , Yueng-Hsiang Huang

Exploring the socio-technical challenges confronting the adoption of AI in organisational settings is something that has so far been largely absent from the related literature. In particular, research into requirements for trustworthy AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Rob Procter , Mark Rouncefield

Assuring safety of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to safety-critical systems is of paramount importance. Especially since research in the field of automated driving shows that AI is able to outperform classical approaches, to handle…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Lars Ullrich , Michael Buchholz , Klaus Dietmayer , Knut Graichen

Smart Cities and Communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideates on a data-centered society aiming at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Cristofer Englund , Eren Erdal Aksoy , Fernando Alonso-Fernandez , Martin Daniel Cooney , Sepideh Pashami , Bjorn Astrand

Methods of Machine and Deep Learning are gradually being integrated into industrial operations, albeit at different speeds for different types of industries. The aerospace and aeronautical industries have recently developed a roadmap for…

The Science of Science (SoS) explores the mechanisms underlying scientific discovery, and offers valuable insights for enhancing scientific efficiency and fostering innovation. Traditional approaches often rely on simplistic assumptions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Renqi Chen , Haoyang Su , Shixiang Tang , Zhenfei Yin , Qi Wu , Hui Li , Ye Sun , Nanqing Dong , Wanli Ouyang , Philip Torr

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are now operating on public roads, which makes their testing and validation more critical than ever. Simulation offers a safe and controlled environment for evaluating AV performance in varied conditions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Saeed Rahmani , Shiva Rasouli , Daphne Cornelisse , Eugene Vinitsky , Bart van Arem , Simeon C. Calvert

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning techniques has triggered its wide-scale use across a broad range of applications. These systems can already perform tasks such as natural language processing of voice and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-10-29 P. Santhanam , Eitan Farchi , Victor Pankratius

Companies dealing with Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in Autonomous Systems (AS) face several problems, such as users' lack of trust in adverse or unknown conditions, gaps between software engineering and AI model development, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Xavier Franch , Andreas Jedlitschka , Marc Oriol , Adam Trendowicz

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the widespread adoption of open-source machine learning models in both research and industry. Considering the resource-intensive nature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Dominik Hintersdorf , Lukas Struppek , Kristian Kersting

Innovators transform the world by understanding where services are successfully meeting customers' needs and then using this knowledge to identify failsafe opportunities for innovation. Pre-trained models have changed the AI innovation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Minjung Park , Jodi Forlizzi , John Zimmerman

The risen complexity of automotive systems requires new development strategies and methods to master the upcoming challenges. Traditional methods need thus to be changed by an increased level of automation, and a faster continuous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Romina Eramo , Hamzeh Eyal Salman , Matteo Spezialetti , Darko Stern , Pierre Quinton , Antonio Cicchetti

Recent research advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have yielded promising results for automated software vulnerability management. AI-based models are reported to greatly outperform traditional static analysis tools, indicating a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Shengye Wan , Joshua Saxe , Craig Gomes , Sahana Chennabasappa , Avilash Rath , Kun Sun , Xinda Wang

As frontier AI systems advance toward transformative capabilities, we need a parallel transformation in how we measure and evaluate these systems to ensure safety and inform governance. While benchmarks have been the primary method for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Markov Grey , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie

Safety cases, structured arguments that a system is acceptably safe, are becoming central to the governance of AI systems. Yet, traditional safety-case practices from aviation or nuclear engineering rely on well-specified system boundaries,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sung Une Lee , Liming Zhu , Md Shamsujjoha , Liming Dong , Qinghua Lu , Jieshan Chen , Lionel Briand

AI advancements have been significantly driven by a combination of foundation models and curiosity-driven learning aimed at increasing capability and adaptability. Within this landscape, open-endedness, where AI agents autonomously and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ivaxi Sheth , Jan Wehner , Sahar Abdelnabi , Ruta Binkyte , Mario Fritz

We explore trust in a relatively new area of data science: Automated Machine Learning (AutoML). In AutoML, AI methods are used to generate and optimize machine learning models by automatically engineering features, selecting models, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Jaimie Drozdal , Justin Weisz , Dakuo Wang , Gaurav Dass , Bingsheng Yao , Changruo Zhao , Michael Muller , Lin Ju , Hui Su

Safety and responsibility evaluations of advanced AI models are a critical but developing field of research and practice. In the development of Google DeepMind's advanced AI models, we innovated on and applied a broad set of approaches to…