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While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

Deep learning is recognized to be capable of discovering deep features for representation learning and pattern recognition without requiring elegant feature engineering techniques by taking advantage of human ingenuity and prior knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Zhi Han , Siquan Yu , Shao-Bo Lin , Ding-Xuan Zhou

This survey provides an in-depth and explanatory review of the approximation properties of deep neural networks, with a focus on feed-forward and residual architectures. The primary objective is to examine how effectively neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Owen Davis , Mohammad Motamed

Deep artificial neural networks achieve surprising generalization abilities that remain poorly understood. In this paper, we present a new approach to analyzing generalization for deep feed-forward ReLU networks that takes advantage of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Ramchandran Muthukumar , Jeremias Sulam

Recently, metric learning and similarity learning have attracted a large amount of interest. Many models and optimisation algorithms have been proposed. However, there is relatively little work on the generalization analysis of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Qiong Cao , Zheng-Chu Guo , Yiming Ying

This theoretical paper is devoted to developing a rigorous theory for demystifying the global convergence phenomenon in a challenging scenario: learning over-parameterized Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nets for very high dimensional dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Peng He

It is well-known that modern neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. To mitigate this problem, a series of robust learning algorithms have been proposed. However, although the robust training error can be near zero via some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Binghui Li , Jikai Jin , Han Zhong , John E. Hopcroft , Liwei Wang

There is an ongoing and dedicated effort to estimate bounds on the generalization error of deep learning models, coupled with an increasing interest with practical metrics that can be used to experimentally evaluate a model's ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mengqing Huang , Hongchuan Yu , Jianjun Zhang

Deep neural networks' remarkable ability to correctly fit training data when optimized by gradient-based algorithms is yet to be fully understood. Recent theoretical results explain the convergence for ReLU networks that are wider than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Asaf Noy , Yi Xu , Yonathan Aflalo , Lihi Zelnik-Manor , Rong Jin

Along with the rapid development of deep learning in practice, the theoretical explanations for its success become urgent. Generalization and expressivity are two widely used measurements to quantify theoretical behaviors of deep learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Shao-Bo Lin

The primary objective of learning methods is generalization. Classic uniform generalization bounds, which rely on VC-dimension or Rademacher complexity, fail to explain the significant attribute that over-parameterized models in deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Lijia Yu , Yibo Miao , Yifan Zhu , Xiao-Shan Gao , Lijun Zhang

Each year, deep learning demonstrates new and improved empirical results with deeper and wider neural networks. Meanwhile, with existing theoretical frameworks, it is difficult to analyze networks deeper than two layers without resorting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hong Jun Jeon , Yifan Zhu , Benjamin Van Roy

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longqing Ye

Complex networks are ubiquitous to several Computer Science domains. Centrality measures are an important analysis mechanism to uncover vital elements of complex networks. However, these metrics have high computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Felipe Grando , Lisando Z. Granville , Luis C. Lamb

Most complex machine learning and modelling techniques are prone to over-fitting and may subsequently generalise poorly to future data. Artificial neural networks are no different in this regard and, despite having a level of implicit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-26 Vincent Szolnoky , Viktor Andersson , Balazs Kulcsar , Rebecka Jörnsten

A key challenge facing deep learning is that neural networks are often not robust to shifts in the underlying data distribution. We study this problem from the perspective of the statistical concept of parameter identification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Kan Xu , Hamsa Bastani , Osbert Bastani

The crucial importance of metrics in machine learning algorithms has led to an increasing interest in optimizing distance and similarity functions, an area of research known as metric learning. When data consist of feature vectors, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Aurélien Bellet

We prove several hardness results for training depth-2 neural networks with the ReLU activation function; these networks are simply weighted sums (that may include negative coefficients) of ReLUs. Our goal is to output a depth-2 neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Pasin Manurangsi , Daniel Reichman

The expressive power of neural networks is important for understanding deep learning. Most existing works consider this problem from the view of the depth of a network. In this paper, we study how width affects the expressiveness of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Zhou Lu , Hongming Pu , Feicheng Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Liwei Wang
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